STAIRCASE

BY :- UMESH INDORIYA
B.ARCH, 1-B
U.S.A.P

Definition:
Construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance, by dividing it into
smaller vertical distances called steps.
WHY DO WE NEED STAIRCASE ? (PURPOSE)
To protect people from injuries and to facilitates access during movements
from one level to the another in a building.

Different parts of staircase:

STEP : Tread
Riser
BALUSTRADE : Baluster
Handrail
Newel Post

Guide lines for fixing the dimensions

1. Rise (R)
: 150mm to 180mm
2. Tread (T)
: 220 mm to 250 mm- for residential buildings.
3. Rise (R)
: 120 to 150 mm
4. Tread (T)
: 250 mm to 300 mm for public buildings
5. [T + 2R]
: Between 500 mm to 650 mm
6. The width of the stair
7. 0.8 m to 1 m for residential building and
8. 1.8 m to 2 m for public building.
9. The width of the landing is equal to the width of stairs.
10.The number of steps in each flight should not be greater than 12
11.The pitch of the stair should not be more than 38 degrees.
12.The height of the balusters should be around 0.75 to 1 m.
13.The space between two balusters should not be more than 30 -40 cm.

CLASSIFICATION
Based on shape of plan:

Straight staircase

U staircase

Stair Plans

C Staircase

Adjustable Staircase

Stair
Plans

L Staircase

Based on shape
1. Straight flight stair

Stairways >600mm between

handrails
Slope not less than 26.50 & not
more than 450

2. Straight two-flight stair

with half-landing

stairs constructed in flights

straight or curved horizontally
Number of rises not to exceed 18
in a flight; not more than 36 rises
without a change in direction

3. Quarter-turn stair with

landing

All treads to be slip resistant, with

provision made for drainage
(a) Rises & Tread (in the same
flight) to be within 5mm

4. Dogleg stair with halflanding

Head clearance min 2000mm

vertically from nosing of tread
Nosing of tread must be
highlighted

5. Open-well stair with two

quarter landings

Each rise not less than 150mm &

not more than 215mm
Each Tread not less than 215mm &
not more than 305mm

6. Quarter-turn stair with

winders

Landings:
(a) Length & width must be
not less than the stairway
(b)Landing minimum
vertical clearance 2000mm
(c) Every access landingstanding space at least
600mm clear of crosstraffic or door swing

7. Spiral stair with central

column

Radius to centre line of stairway

not less than 600mm; where
radius to centre line is less than
3000mm, maximum width of
curved stairway 750mm

8. Circular stair with central

well

Each Tread not less than 215mm &

not more than 305

9. Geometric stair (900) turn

45 000< (Riser X Tread) <48 000

Tread width must not be less than
the going and there must be an
overhang of at least 10mm

Open Well or Newel stair cases

II- FLIGHT

LANDING

OPEN
WELL

OPEN
WELL
I- FLIGHT

III- FLIGHT

WITH INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE FLIGHT

Different materials that are used in a stairs

TIMBER Gives design flexibility, it is lightweight and easy to install.

GLASS Gives an openness and a clean airy feel to a room that other
materials just dont provide.
STAINLESS STEEL Is used for handrails and balustrade. It is easy to
keep clean and is non-corrosive so it doesnt rust.
STEEL Hardwearing and incredible strength. This allows you to increase
the span and length of the stair and makes it great for commercial stairs
that are exposed to high traffic.
STONE Marble stairs can have creative inlayed geometric or floral
patterns and can also be carve into vertical slabs or tiles, granite gives a
rich shiny look, sandstone provides a more rustic feel. One can choose
different stones in combination as per tastes, needs and the dcor of the
surrounding area.

DETAILS

2.0 m headroom
Landing

Handrail

Pitch line
Landing

No projection, other than handrails, is allowed in a staircase

within a height of 2.0 m from the landing or pitch line.

Width of Staircase

900mm

900mm

900mm
The width of every staircase shall not
be less than 900 mm
The width is measured from the inner
side of the wall, balustrade or handrail.

Risers &
Treads

Riser
max 175mm

Tread
min 250mm

The height of a riser shall not be more than 175 mm.

The width of a tread shall not be less than 250 mm
The risers and treads within each flight of stairs shall
be of uniform height and size.

Landings of Staircase

min 900mm

A landing shall be provided at every

floor level and door opening.
An intermediate landing shall be
provided in between floor levels at
intervals of not more than 18 risers.

min 900mm

The length of any intermediate landing,

measured in the direction
of travel, shall not be less than 900
mm.

Handrail
A handrail shall be provided on at least
one side of the flight of
staircase.
The height of the handrail shall be
between 750 mm and 900 mm above
the pitch line.
A handrail need not be provided for a
flight of not more than 5 steps.

Handrail

A handrail may terminate at the

landing and the ends of the handrail
should be properly formed or rounded
off so that they do not pose a danger
to the user.

Between
750mm
900mm
Pitch line

Protection from
falling

The height of a barrier shall not be less

than 900mm
The size of any opening or gap in a
barrier shall not be large enough as to
permit the passage of a sphere of a
diameter of 100 mm.

Barrier
100mm

Min
900mm

Any triangular opening or void formed

around a tread, riser and the bottom
edge of the barrier, the size of any
opening or gap shall not be large
enough as to permit the passage of a
sphere of a diameter of 150 mm

150mm

Pitch line

BIBLIOGRAPHY

en.wikipedia.org
http://thearchiblog.wordpress.com/
www.archiexpo.com
www.pinterest.com
www.slideshare.com
www.ehow.com