JYOTI VEERWAL

KULBIR RANA
MOHIT KUMAR II
NIKHIL SHARMA
PRACHI BANKOTI
PREETI MISHRA
 A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human
life, deterioration of health and health services on a
scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community or area.

NDMA India is expert agency of

disaster management
What is Disaster
Management
Intensity of earthquake Energy release (amount of
(Richter scale TNT)
1.0 170 grams

2.0 6 kilograms

3.0 179 kilograms

4.0 5 metric tons

5.0 179 metric tons

6.0 5643 metric tons

7.0 1,79,100 metric tons

7.5 One megaton

8.0 5,64,300 metric tons

Himalayan zone
The area s most prone to earthquake in India is
the Fold Mountains ranges of the Himalayan
zone. The states of Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar, the
Bihar- Nepal border and north eastern states.
The earthquakes in these zones are primarily due
to plate tectonics. The region along the
Himalayas where two plates meet is highly
earthquake prone and hence known as the
zone of maximum intensity
The peninsular zone

The peninsular India has presumably remained a

stable landmass and only few earthquakes have
been experienced in this region. This region is,
therefore, called the zone of minimum intensity. But
the sever earthquakes of Konya (1967), Latur
(1993) and Jabalpur (1997) have raised doubts
about the seismic stability of this landmass.
The indo-gangetic zone

To the south of the Himalayan zone and running

parallel it is the indo-gangetic zone. Most of the
earthquakes striking this zone are of moderate
intensity of 6 to 6.5 on Richter scale. Therefore
this zone is called the zone of comparative
intensity. The earthquakes along the foothill are of
medium to high intensity. However, the
earthquakes of this zone are more harmful due to
high density of population in this area .
Date Place m Scale
Set.2 , 1993 Latur 6.3 Large areas of Maharashtra
(maharashtr rocked. 10,000 people lost lives
a)

May 22, 1997 Jabalpur 6.0 40 person killed and over 100
(Maharashtr injured
a)
March 29, Nandprayag 6.8 widespread destruction in
1999 chamoli , rudraprayag and other
areas. Massive loss of human
life
Jan. 26 2001 Bhuj 7.8 Tremors left by India and its
(gujrat) neighboring countries. Over 1
lakh people killed. Huge loss to
property and infrastructure
Oct. 8, 2005 Muzzaffarab 7.4 Heavy damage to life and
ad in property.
Pakistan Death toll about one lakh in
occupied Pakistan and nearly 2000 in
Kashmir India
- Loss of life and property
- Damage to infrastructure
- Topographical changes
- Damage to transport system i.e.
roads, railways, highways,
airports, marine.
- Chances of fire short-circuit.
- Chances of Floods Dams and
Embankments can develop
cracks
- Chances of outburst of epidemic
- Water pipes, sewers are
disrupted
- Communications such as
telephone wires are
damaged.
- Economic activities like
agriculture, industry, trade
and transport are severely
- Unusual animal behavior
- Changes in water level
- Temperature change
- Large scale fluctuations of oil flow from oil
wells
- Foreshocks or minor shocks before major
earthquake
- Changes in seismic wave velocity.
If you are in a house
dont use lift for getting down from building
be prepared to move with your family

If you are in shop, school, office or theater

Dont run for an exit. Stampede could prove fatal
take cover under a desk/table
move to corner or side walls
move away from window glass
Do not go near electric points and cable. Keep away from
weak portion of the building and false ceiling
 Keep calm, switch on the transistor radio and obey
instructions
Keep away from beaches and low banks of river. A huge
wave may sweep in
Expect aftershocks
Turn off the water, gas and electricity
Do not smoke, light match or use a cigarette lighter
Do not turn on switches there may be gas leak or short
circuit
Use a torch
If there is any fire, try to put it out or call fire brigade
Immediately clean up any inflammable products that may
spilled
 If you aware of people have been buried, tell the rescue
team. Do not rush and try not to worsen the situation.
Avoid places where there are loose electric wires and do not
come in contact with any metal object
Do not drink water from open containers without having
examined it.
Eat something. You will better and more capable of helping
other
Do not re enter badly damaged buildings and do not go
near damage structures
Do not walk around the streets to see what is happening.
Keep the streets clear so rescue vehicles can access the
roads easily.
Case study: Bhuj Earthquake
26th January 2001
Date: 26January2001
Originline: 08hrs.46min.42.9
sec.IST

Epicenter: Latitude23.40N
Longitude70.28E

7.7
Magnitude:

25kms.
FocalDepth:
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nations
52ndRepublic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred
in the Kutch district of the state ofGujarat.
The earthquake was felt as far away asDelhiin the
north, Kolkata in the east and Chennai in the south.

Bhuj town and the village Bhachau, 60 km east of Bhuj,

were the worst affected and many other areas
ofGujaratincluding its state headquarters
Ahmedabad, were badly affected
 There were more than 20,000 deaths and 167,000 people
injured
Four districts of Gujarat lay in ruin and altogether, 21
districts were affected
Around 300,000 families and at least 3 million children aged
14 and under were affected.
Around 600,000 people were left homeless.
In the city of Bhuj, more than 3,000 inhabitants of the city
lost their lives; the main hospital was crushed and close to
90% of the buildings was destroyed.
There was significant damage to infrastructure with facilities
such as hospitals, schools, electric power and water systems,
bridges and roads damaged or destroyed.
 40 to 50 high-rise buildings crumbled.

A homeless family waits for a ride amid ruined

houses and a funeral pyre in the village

5 year old girl recovers at a hospital in Bhuj on

Monday after Friday's massive earthquake
The response within India was immediate. The
national and state governments quickly provided
assistance in many forms including cash, medical
supplies, communications teams, shelters, food,
clothing, transport and relief workers.
There were more than 185 non-government
organizations (NGOs), mostly Indian charities,
which undertook earthquake-related activities
1}The short term rescue and relief
operation were being undertaken,
medium term and long term recovery
aspects were analyzed. Rehabilitation
schemes Government of Gujarat tired to,
known as packages, were formulated.
2}The world bank and Asian development
bank sanction loans in less than three
months after the earthquake.
3}Several state governments came
forward to participate in, the
reconstruction work in different
villages.
 Shear walls
Bracing
Dampers
Rollers
Isolation
Light weight material
Bands
Others
Resist;
Gravity Loads
Lateral Loads
 Link
Beams

Diagonal Cross Chevron Eccentric

Rollers
 Avoid weak column and strong beam design
Provide thick slab which will help as a rigid
diaphragm
Provide cross walls which will stiffen the
structures
Provide shear walls in a symmetrical fashion
Increase in the transverse (Shear) reinforcement.
Horizontal lintel band should be provided
Revision/ updation of building code of Pakistan
The building must be regular and symmetrical in
shape
Reinforcing bars should be provided at the