SEMINAR

ON
DRIP IRRIGATION
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
INTRODUCTION
NEED OF DRIP IRRIGATION

COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION

ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION
DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
BENEFITS OF FARMER
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

Drip irrigation is a micro irrigation method in

which the rate of water application is very low
and without any pressure i.e., drop by drop.
 Drip irrigation is based on the basic concept of irrigation
only the roots zone of crop, rather than the entire land
surface on which the crop is grow.
Water flows from the emission points through the soil by
capillarity and gravity.
The soil moisture content of the crop root zone is maintain
at near optimum level to facilate optimum crop growth and
production.
 NEED OF DRIP IRRIGATION
To use water efficiently
No water to runoff or evaporation
Agricultural chemicals can be applied more
efficiently.
It reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems and
fruits.
COMPONENTS OF DRIP IRRIGATION
Filter:
It is the heart of drip irrigation. A filter unit cleans the
suspended impurities in the irrigation water so as to
prevent blockage of holes and passage of drip nozzles.
The type of filtration needed depends on water quality
and emitter type.
Main Line:
The main line conveys the water from filtration system
to the sub main. They are normally made of rigid PVC
pipes in order to minimize corrosion and clogging
The main components of a typical drip irrigation system are
Water Source
Pumping system
Distribution system
Drip tape
Injectors
Filtration system
 WATER SOURCE
Common water sources for drip irrigation are
surface water, groundwater and potable water.
Use the water source that will provide the largest
amount of water of greatest quality and lowest
cost.
 PUMPING SYSTEM

The role of the pumping system is to move water from

the water source to the field through the distribution
system.
Pumping systems may be classified as electric
powered systems, gas/diesel powered systems and
gravity systems.
 DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
The role of the distribution system is to convey
the water from the source to the field.
Distribution systems may be above ground or
underground.
Pipes are most commonly made of PVC or
polyethylene plastics.
Aluminum pipes are also available, but are more
difficult to customize, cut and repair.
DRIP TAPE
The drip irrigation system delivers water to each plant
through a thin polyethylene tape (or tube) with
regularly spaced small holes.
Selection of drip tape should be based on emitter
spacing and flow rate.
In the field, drip irrigation tape should be installed with
emitters upward (looking up)to prevent clogging
 INJECTORS:

Injectors allow the introduction of fertilizer, chemicals

and maintenance products into the irrigation system.
The most common injectors used with small drip
irrigation systems are the Venturi injector and the
Dosatron.
Because ventui injectors involve no moving parts and
are less expensive, they are commonly used on small
farms.
 FILTRATION SYSTEM

The filtration system removes large solid particles in

suspension in the water.
Usage of type of filter is based on the type of particles
in the water.
Rapid clogging may occur when no filter is used.
A drip irrigation system should never be operated
without a filter even if the filter requires clogged drip
tape emitters, often resulting in poor uniformity and
sometimes in crop loss.
 ADVANTAGES
Less requirement of irrigation water
Water supply at optimum level
Water logging is avoided
High yield
Over irrigation is avoided
Variation in application rate
Reduced labour cost
Weed control
 DISADVANTAGES

Basically disadvantages of drip irrigation classified as four

categories

High cost Expense Waste Clogging

High cost:
Drip irrigation systems are expensive because of there
requirements of large quantity of piping and filtration
equipment of clean the water.
Expense:
Initial cost can be more than overhead systems.
Waste:
The sun can affect the tubes used for drip irrigation,
shortening their usable life.
Longevity is variable.
Clogging:
If the water is not properly filtered and the equipment
not properly maintained, it can result in clogging.
Drip tape causes extra cleanup costs after harvest.
This method is not suitable for closely planted crops
such as wheat
 APPLICATIONS
Drip irrigation is used by farms, commercial green
houses and residential green houses
For cultivation in roof gardens.
In shopping malls and embankments.
In steep slopes
BENEFITS OF FARMERS
More than 70% of Indian farmers are small scale
operators cultivating plots less than one hectare.
Erratic rainfall pattern play havoc into the
livelihoods of the small farmers who do not have
any alternate supply of water.