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ION EXCHANGE
Introduction
Ion Exchange Resins
Cation Exchange
Anion Exchange
Dealkalizers
Demineralizers
Troubleshooting
Accomplished by passing
water through a column of
plastic bead called ion
exchange resin contained in
a vessel
TYPES
Functionality
Material
Structure
SO3-
Similarities to Softener
Uses the same Resin (H form)
Has the same operating steps
Differences from Softener
Regenerant
Leakage
Paired with:
Anion Resin ==>Demineralizer
TMA FMA
Theoretical Mineral Acidity Free Mineral Acidity
End of Rinse
End of Run
M3 Processed
Water Management Group 17
Strong Acid Cation
Free Mineral Acidity FMA
Effluent Profile
End of Rinse
End of Run
M3 Processed
Water Management Group 18
Strong Acid Cation
Free Mineral Acidity FMA
Effluent Profile
End of Rinse
M3 Processed
Water Management Group 19
Sodium Leakage
Leakage depends on:
Total Dissolved Solids
% Sodium of Total Cations
% Alkalinity of Total Anions
Regenerant Level
Resin Bed Depth
g e
ka
ea
L
Na
i ng
as
c re
In
Information Required
Acid Dosage (Kg/M3 resin)
% M-Alkalinity of Total Cations
% Na of Total Cations
Resin Bed Depth
50% Exhausted
Bed Resin
Expansion
Water
Co-current (Co-flow)
regenerant flow in the same flow
direction as service flow
Counter-current (Reverse Flow)
regenerant flow in the opposite
direction as service flow
Dilution Water
Acid
Conc. "plug flow"
SAC
HCl
Acid Pump
or
Eductor
Demin Water 45 C
Steam
NaOH
"plug flow"
50% SBA
NaOH
NaOH Pump
or
Eductor
Sample Drain
Water Management Group 28
Displacement Cycle (25- 40 minutes)
Slow Rinse: 1.0 - 1.5 bed volumes
Duration 20-30 minutes
(Displacement) Optimizes acid usage.
Minimize leakage
Dilution Water
Conc.
HCL "plug flow"
HCl
Sample Drain
Water Management Group 29
Fast Rinse Cycle - Cation (15-30 minutes)
Dilution Water
Rinse out
Acid
SAC
Conc.
HCl
Acid Pump
or
Eductor
Sample Drain
Water Management Group 30
Fast Rinse Cycle - Anion (20 -60 minutes)
Decationized water
from Degas or SAC Flow = Service Flow Rate
Demin Water
Steam
Rinse out
NaOH
SBA
50%
NaOH < 10 us/cm
Cond
NaOH Pump
or
Eductor
Sample Drain
Water Management Group 31
Acid Regeneration - H2SO4
H+
SO4= SO4=
H+
H+
H +
SO3-
SO 3
- Ca++
Ca++ Mg++ ++
Ca
Mg++
Ca++
Ca++ Na+
Mg++
Mg ++
Ca++
Ca++ Ca++
Ca ++ Ca ++
Mg ++
Na + Mg++
Mg ++
Ca++
Ca++ Ca++
Mg++
Demin Water
Spent Acid
Conc.
To Degas
H2SO4
& Anion
Strong
Acid Cation CALCIUM
Exchanger
MAGNESIUM
RESIN
BED
POTASSIUM Service
Flow
SODIUM
HYDROGEN
Strong
Acid
Cation HYDROGEN
Exchanger RESIN
BED
CALCIUM
MAGNESIUM Acid
POTASSIUM Flow
SODIUM
CALCIUM
Acid
Fow
STRONG ACID MAGNESIUM
CATION EXCHANGER
POTASSIUM
SODIUM
Polishing HYDROGEN
Zone