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p A movement in & decorative arts during
late 19th and early 20th Centuries
p It championed values of individual
handicraft
p Originated in Britain
p Takes it¶s name from the Arts & Crafts
Exhibition Society (1888)
p Instigated by William Morris
a 


p It challenged the tastes of the Victorian
era
p It was inspired by the social reform
concerns of thinkers like John Ruskin
p He called for a rejection of the
increasing material preoccupations of
contemporary society and a return to the
dignity of labour enjoyed in pre-industrial
times.
a 


p Their notions of good design were linked
to their notions of a good society.
p It was proposed that if individual
craftsmanship could be revived-the
worker could then produce beautiful
objects that exhibited the result of fine
craftsmanship, as opposed to the
shoddy products of mass production
a 


p Õesign was suggested to be for the
people and by the people
p It gained popularity in Northern
European countries in the 1890s and
spread across the Atlantic to the U.S.A.
Õ 
  

p William Morris drew inspiration from
John Ruskin¶s writings
p He formed Morris & Co. (1861)
p They designed decorative items for
homes
p Philip Webb found inspiration in British
vernacular architecture
Õ 
  

p Morris's ideas spread in the late
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
p Gave rise to many associations and
craft communities
Ú Ú 

p Charles Robert Ashbee's Guild of
Handicraft
p Eglantyne Louisa Jebb, Mary Fraser
Tytler set up the Home Arts and Industries
Association (1881)
p A.H.Mackmurdo formed the Century Guild
(1882)
p The Art Workers Guild was formed by
William Lethaby, Edward Prior, Ernest
Newton, Mervyn Macartney and Gerald C.
Horsley
Ú Ú 

p The Arts and Crafts Exhibition
Society was formed with Walter
Crane as president
Õ 
 
p The Americans tried to establish a new
source of virtue to replace heroic craft
production
p The first major innovations appeared in
Chicago
p Prairie Style homes used horizontal
lines to follow the landscape.
Õ 
 
p Gustav Stickley led the way in furniture
design.
p His Mission Style furniture uses strong,
simple woods such as oak and clean,
geometric lines with exposed joinery.
 Ú
p Members of movement included artists,
architects, designers, craftsmen, writers.
p Reviving traditional skills and crafts.
p To create designs for the people by the
people
ÚaÚÚ
p Simple in form
p Showed how they were put together
p Followed idea of µtruth to material¶
p Had patterns
p Some workshops were setup in rural
areas
ÚaÚÚ
p Influnced by Gothic revival
p Using bold forms and strong colours
p Owen Jones said, ³Ornament must be
secondary to the thing decorated
ÚaÚÚ
Artichoke Wallpaper by
John Henry Õearle

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p Low Pitched Roof
p Wide Eaves
p Exposed Roof Rafter
p Stone porch supports
p Open floor plans; few hallways and
partitions
p Numerous windows
p Beamed ceilings
p Built-in cabinets, shelves, and seating

Ú a 
  
Õ   Õ
p 1-1 ½ stories high
p Low pitched roofs with large overhangs
p Porches with thick square or round
columns
p Their porches usually employ heavy
columns for their roof support.
  
Õ   Õ
p Wood, stone, or stucco siding
p Õark wood wainscoting and mouldings
p Some windows using stained or leaded
glass

 
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p William Morris
p John Ruskin
p Philip Webb
p Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
p Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo
p Charles Robert Ashbee (1863±1942)


  
p Was an artist, designer, craftsman, poet, writer
and champion of socialist ideals
p A designer should have knowledge of
materials used
p Was skilled in a wide range of arts and crafts
p Best known for his pattern designs
p His idea of linking art to industry by applying
the values of fine art to the production of
commercial design was a key stage in the
evolution of design as we know it today.
Õ 
p He felt diligent study of nature was
important
p He encouraged artists to look to the past
for their inspiration
p He proposed a return to the values of
the Gothic art of the middle Ages
  
p He disliked classical works in buildings
& art
p The asymmetry and roughness of the
Gothic as the ideal for new art
p He was critical of the new
industrialization taking place in Europe
and America
p He rejected machine produced products
  
p He believed that handwork and
craftsmanship brought dignity to labour
p He felt that the industrial work of the age
disrupted the natural rhythms of life
p He is most famous for his two books;
"The Seven Lamps of Architecture"
(1849) and "The Stones of Venice"




p His favoured niche was country houses

p He founded the Society for the
Protection of Ancient Buildings in 1877
p He developed styles inspired by
vernacular architecture

p Inspired by local buildings & materials
p Most furnishes by Morris & Co.

  a
p Õesigned for William Morris
p Exemplified early Arts & Crafts Style
with
- well proportioned solid forms
- deep porches
- steep roof
- pointed window arches
- brick fireplaces
- wooden fittings
  a
 


  
p Architect, furniture designer and
champion of the Gothic revival
p Õesigned furniture for Windsor castle
p He was a strong influence on John
Ruskin
p Founded the century guild
p It¶s magazine projected an alluring
image of the Arts and Crafts style.
 


  
p He majorly designed churches
Ú
 
 

p Apprenticed at a firm that specialised in
Gothic Architecture
p Founded the Guild School of Handicraft
p Students were trained in Arts & Crafts
tradition
  



p Constructed by Pond & Pond
p It¶s a combination of Classical Revival &
ACM
p Has coffered ceilings with exposed
beams
p It¶s rooflines, main entrance &
placement are asymmetrical
p Õark Heavy woodwork is found
throughout the building
 



 
a a a
 
p It¶s simplicity and honest use of material
influenced modern architecture
p Bahaus was established in1919
p Aimed to teach arts and crafts and
bridge the gap between art and industry
p However, it functioned chiefly as a
centre for fine art experiment and craft
production
 
a a a
 
p It was machine inspired and products
were made to look like they were factory
made
p Pioneers of the ACM believed good
design could be produced by people
working with their hands

 
Ú
a  
p In Europe the British unity furniture of
the 1940¶s, was simple in design and
based on arts and craft model
p Victor Hartmann and other artists
associated with the Abramtsevo colony
sought to revive the movement
p In USA, it spawned complementary and
sympathetic American craft movements
such as the µmission oak¶ style furniture

 
Ú
a  
p The idiosyncratic furniture of Charles
Rohlfs also demonstrated the clear
influence of arts and craft movement
 
ÚÚ
p The handcrafted material was expensive
a