You are on page 1of 89

ESTIMATION

Estimation is the scientific way of


working out the approximate cost of
an engineering project before
execution of the work.

It is totally different from calculation of the


exact cost after completion of the project.
Estimation requires a thorough Knowledge
of the construction procedures and cost of
materials & labour in addition to the skill ,
experience, foresight and good judgment.
ESTIMATE
An estimate of the cost of a
construction job is the probable cost
of that job as computed from plans
and specifications.

For a good estimate the, actual cost of the


proposed work after completion should
not differ by more then 5 to 10 % from its
approximate cost estimate, provided there
are no unusual, unforeseen
circumstances.
NEED FOR ESTIMATE
1 = It help to work out the approximate cost of
the project in order to decide its feasibility
with respect to the cost and to ensure the
financial resources, it the proposal is
approved.

2 = Requirements of controlled materials, such


as cement and steel can be estimated for
making applications to the controlling
authorities.

3 = It is used for framing the tenders for the


works and to check contractors work during
and after the its execution for the purpose of
making payments to the contractor.
SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST

1 = Each type of work requires a different


method of construction. Construction may
be of an ordinary house or office and it may
also be of a Dam, Tunnel, Multistory
building, Airport, Bridge, or a Road, already
in operation. Each of these works requires
totally different construction techniques,
type of machinery, and formwork.
2 = Quality of labour and labour output varies
in different localities.
3 = Weather conditions greatly affect the
output and, hence, the overall cost.
SITE CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE OVERALL COST

4 = Ground conditions vary and change the method of


construction. For example, excavation may be dry,
wet, hard, soft, shallow or deep requiring different
efforts.
5 = The work may be in open ground such as fields or
it may be in congested areas such as near or on the
public roads, necessitating extensive watching,
lightening, and controlling efforts, etc.
6 = The source of availability of a sufficient supply of
materials of good quality is also a factor.
7 = The availability of construction machinery also
affects the method of construction.
8 = Access to the site must be reasonable. If the
access is poor, temporary roads may be constructed.
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR

In preparing an estimate, the Estimator


must have good knowledge regarding the
important rules of quantity surveying. He
must thoroughly understand the drawings
of the structure, for which he is going to
prepare an estimate. He must also be
clearly informed about the specifications
showing nature and classes of works and
the materials to be used because the rates
at which various types of works can be
executed depend upon its specifications.
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR

A good estimator of construction costs should possess the following


capabilities, also:-

1 = A knowledge of the details of construction work.

2 = Experience in construction work.

3 = Having information regarding the materials required,


machinery needed, overhead problems, and costs of all kinds.

4 = Good judgment with regard to different localities, different


jobs and different workmen.
5 = Selection of a good method for preparing an estimate.

6 = Ability to be careful, thorough, hard working and accurate.

7 = Ability to collect, classify and evaluate data relating to


estimation.

8 = Ability to visualize all the steps during the process of


construction.
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF A GOOD ESTIMATOR

Before preparing the estimate, the estimator should


visit the site and make a study of conditions, there. For
example, if the construction of a large building Is
planned, the estimator or his representative should visit
the site and

Note the location of the proposed building.


Get all data available regarding the soil.
Make a sketch of the site showing all important details.
Obtain information concerning light, power, and water.

Secure information concerning banking facilities.


Note conditions of streets leading to railway yards and
to material dealers, and
Investigate general efficiency of local workman.
TYPES OF ESTIMATES

There are two main types of estimates:-


1 = Rough cost estimate.
2 = Detailed estimate.

Depending upon the purpose of estimate,


some types of detailed estimate are as
follows:-
1 = Contractor's estimate.
2 = Engineer's estimate.
3 = Progress estimate
I = Rough cost estimate

Estimation of cost before construction


from plans or architectural drawings of
the project scheme, when even detailed
or structural design has not been carried
out, is called Rough cost estimate.

These estimates are used for obtaining


Administrative Approval from the concerning
Authorities. Sometimes, on the basis of
rough cost estimates, a proposal may be
dropped altogether.
Rough cost estimate
Unit cost is worked out for projects similar to the
project under consideration carried out recently in
nearly the same site conditions. Unit cost means
cost of execution of a unit quantity of the work.

To find rough cost of any project, this worked


average unit cost is multiplied with total quantity
of the present work in the same units. For
example, in case of a building, plinth area (sq. ft.)
of the proposed building is worked out, which is
then multiplied by the cost per unit area (Rs. /ft2)
of similar building actually constructed in the near
past in nearly the same site conditions, to find out
the rough cost estimate of the building. This cost
is sometimes adjusted by the average percentage
rise in the cost of materials and wages.
Rough cost estimate
The rough cost estimate may be prepared on the following
basis for different types of projects:

1. Cost per square foot of covered area (plinth area) is


the most commonly adopted criterion for preparing rough
cost estimate for most of the residential buildings.

2. For public buildings, cost. Per person (cost per


capita) is used. For example,
Students hostel-cost per student

HospitalsCost per bed

HotelCost per Guest


Rough cost estimate
3. Cost per cubic foot is particularly suitable
for commercial offices, shopping
centers, and factory buildings, etc.
4. For water tank/reservoir, cost may be
worked out on the basis of capacity in
gallons of water stored.
5. For roads and railways, cost may be
found out per mile/kilometer of length.
6. For streets, cost may be per hundred
feet/meters of length.
7. In case of bridges, cost per foot/mete of
clear span may be calculated.
EXAMPLE

Calculate the cost per Flat and total rough

cost estimate for a multi-storey (4-storeyed)

block consisting of 40 residential flats. Other

details are given in the table:


Sr. No PORTION AREA UNIT COST (Rs./sq.ft.)
(sq. ft)
Building Sanitory Electric Sui Gas
Works Works Services Services

1 Main Flat Area

(i) Ground Floor 20030 1800 130 100 60


(ii) Ist Floor 20030 1500 130 100 60
(iii) 2nd Floor 20030 1650 130 100 60
(iv) 3rd Floor 20030 1800 130 100 60

2 Park Area at G. Floor 75,800 800 -------- 40 -------

3 Circulation Area in all 1936 1050 -------- 70 -------


4 floors

4 Covered Shopping 920 950 -------- 70 -------


Area at G. Floor

5 Attached Servant 2112 1150 55 70 40


Quarters
Add the following costs as Lump Sum
1- Road and Walkways = 15,00,000/-
2- Land Scapping = 12,00,000/-
3- External Sewerage = 7,00,000/-
4- External Water Supply, Overhead and
Underground Water Tanks with pumping
machinery for each set of Flats = 19,00,000/-
5- External Electricity = 3,00,000/-
6- Boundary Wall = 6,00,000/-
7- Miscellaneous unforeseen items
= 8,00,000/-
8- Add 6 % development charges.
9- Add 3 % consultancy charges
DETAILED ESTIMATE

Detailed estimates are prepared by


carefully and separately calculating in
detail the costs of various items of the
work that constitute the whole project
from the detailed working drawings after
the design has been finalized.

The mistakes, if any, in the rough cost


estimate are eliminated in the detailed
estimate. Detailed estimates are submitted to
the competent authorities for obtaining
Technical sanction.
DETAILED ESTIMATE
The whole project is sub-divided into different
items of work or activities. The quantity for each
item is then calculated separately from the
drawings as accurately as possible. The procedure
is known as "taking out of quantities".

In fact this is the major part of estimation work.


The quantities for each item may be estimated and
shown in the pattern which is called "Bill of
quantities."

The unit in which each item of the wok is to be


calculated is very important; it should be
according to the prevailing practice as followed in
various departments of the country.
BILL OF QUANTITIES
Description No Measurements Quantity Total Remarks
Sr. No of Quantity
Items

Length Breadth Height


PRICED BILL OF QUANTITIES

Sr. No. Description of Item Unit Quantity Rate Cost Remarks


DETAILED ESTIMATE

Each item of the work is then multiplied by its


estimated current rate calculated by a fixed
procedure to find out cost of the item. At the end,
a total of all items of the work are made to get
the total estimated cost.

The rates are usually as per Schedule of Rates for


the locality plus a premium to allow for rise in
labour and material rates over and above the
schedule of rates. A percentage, usually 5% is
also provided on the total estimated cost for the
work to allow for the possible contingencies due
to unforeseen items or expenditure or other
causes, besides 2% establishment charges.
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Besides drawings and details of measurements and
calculation of quantities (Bill of Quantities), the following
documents are also usually submitted with the detailed
estimate for obtaining Technical Sanction:

1. A report explaining History, necessity, scope and main


features of the project, its design, and estimate, etc.

2. Specifications lying down the nature and class of work


and material to be used in various parts of the work.

3. The abstract of cost (priced Bill of Quantities) showing


the total quantities under each sub-head, rate per unit of
measurement, and cost.

4. Calculation sheets showing calculations for important


parts of the structure. In fact, in estimating the art and
skill lies only in the computation of details without any
omissions, of all parts of the building or work.
CONTRACTOR ESTIMATE

It is made by the contractor for determining


the price or prices to be bid. It is usually a
carefully prepared detailed estimate.

ENGINEERS ESTIMATE

This type of estimate is made by the


Architect or Engineer (Consultant) usually
for the purposes of financing the work and
for checking bids made by contractors.
PROGRESS ESTIMATES

These are made by the Engineer at


regular intervals for the completed parts
of the project during the progress of the
work for determining the amounts of
partial payments to be made to the
contractor. On large contracts, such
estimates are commonly made each
month and, hence, are frequently called
monthly estimates.
UNFORESEEN ITEMS IN DETAILED ESTIMATE

While preparing a detailed estimate, one


had to be very careful to see that all items
of the work are incorporated. However, it is
likely that a few Items, though unimportant
in nature, might have been overlooked and
which may result in raising the estimate of
the project. Also, there may be certain
unforeseen circumstances affecting the
project. Hence, a certain allowance usually
5 to 10% of the total cost, is made in the
estimation which will take care of all these
items that are unforeseen or are overlooked
and are known as "Contingencies".
METHOD OF DETAILED BUILDING ESTIMATE
In this method, also known as "Separate or
individual wall method", the walls running in
one direction are termed as "long walls and
the walls running in the transverse direction, as
"Short wails", without keeping in mind which
wall is lesser in length and which wall is greater in
length. Lengths of long walls are measured or
found "Out-to out" and those of short walls as
"In-to-in". Different quantities are calculated by
multiplying the length by the breadth and the
height of the wall. The same rule applies to the
excavation in foundation, to concrete bed in
foundation, D.P.C., masonry in foundation and
super structure and plastering, plastering etc.
PROCEDURE
1- For symmetrical footing on either side,
the center line remains same for super
structure, foundation and plinth. So, the
simple method is to find out the centre-to-
centre lengths of long walls and short
walls from the plan.
Long wall length out-to-out = Center
to center length + half breadth on one
Side + half breadth on other side.
= Center to center length + one breadth
Short wall length in-to-in = Center to
Center length - one breadth.
2- This method can also be worked out in a quicker
way.
For long walls, first of all, find the length of the
foundation trench of the long wall out-to-out in
the same manner as explained above. The length
of the foundation concrete is the same. For the
length of the first footing or first step of the brick
wall, subtract two offsets (2x6"=12") in
foundation concrete from the length of the trench
or concrete. For the second footing subtract from
the length of the 1st footing two offsets
(2x2.25"= 4.5"), for 3rd footing subtract from the
length of the 2nd footing 2 offsets (4.5") and in
this way deal with the long walls up to the super-
structure.
For short walls, follow he same method but instead
of subtracting add two offsets to get the
corresponding lengths in-to-in.
1 Breadth 1 Breadth
2 2

Foundation
Trench
DESCRIPTION AND UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT FOR
COMMON ITEMS
1 = SITE CLEARANCE WORKS

This item is described in detail but


the price of this item is usually
indicated as lump sum (LS).The cost
of this item is provided in the
estimate by judgement, according to
the description of the item and is
indicated as Lump sum (L.S).
2 = EXCAVATION FOR FOUNDATION TRENCHES
Earthwork in excavation for foundation trenches
is calculated by taking the dimensions of each
trench as length X breadth X depth.

It is measured in cubic ft, cubic yard or cubic


meter, according to the prevailing practice.
The payment for this item is generally done as
Rs. per hundred cubic ft.

Filling in trenches after the construction of


foundation masonry is ordinary neglected. If the
trench filling is, also taken in account, it may be
calculated by deducing the volume of masonry in
trenches from that of the volume of excavation.
3 = FOUNDATION CONCRETE (P.C.C.)
The type of concrete must be clearly mentioned.
In other words, the mix proportions and the type
of cement, sand and coarse aggregate must be
specified. The most commonly used ratios are
(1:4:8), (1:5:10) and (1:6:12), using brick
ballast, Margalla crush or river gravel.

This item is measured in cubic ft and the unit for


measurement is, generally Rs. per 100 cubic ft.

When the soil is soft or weak, one layer of dry


bricks or stone soling is applied below the
foundation concrete. The soling layer is computed
in sq.ft (length X breadth), specifying the
thickness in description of item.
4 = BRICKWORK IN FOUNDATION UP TO PLINTH

Care must be taken, while taking dimensions


from the drawings in the bill of quantities because
the walls in this part of the structure are in the
form of steps with changing dimensions.

This item is calculated in cft and the unit for


payment is Rs. per 100 cft.

In the description of work, the quality of bricks


and mortar ratio must be specified. For example,
"Brickwork in foundation and plinth using first
class bricks laid in (1:4) or (1:6) cement-sand
(c/s) mortar
5 = BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE

Important considerations are:


a = Measurements of walls shall be taken
in the same order and in the same
manner as for brickwork in foundations
and plinth.
b = In the first measurements, all openings
such as doors, windows, veranda
openings etc. shall be neglected. However,
deductions shall be made for all openings
in the walls, at the end of the item.
BRICKWORK IN SUPER STRUCTURE (ctd)

c = In the description of the work, the quality of


bricks and mortar ratio have to be specified.

d = Masonry for arches shall be paid separately, at


a different rate.

e = The height of super structure is very important.


Generally the quantities are worked out for each
storey separately and rates would be different
for different storeys because of additional labor
work, scaffolding and shuttering.

f = The item is worked out in cft and the standard


unit for payment is Rs. Per 100 cft.
6 = DAMP PROOF COURSE (D.P.C.)

Horizontal D.P.C. shall extend the full


width of the super structure walls,
however, it shall not be provided across
doorways and veranda openings. It is also
provided in roof and floors.
Vertical D.P.C. is provided in external
walls, especially, in the walls of
basements.
The quantity of D.P.C. is estimated in
square ft.(on area basis) and standard
unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft.
7 = ROOFING & RCC Works

a = Area of the roof slab is calculated by taking


inside dimensions of the room plus a bearing of
the roof slab on the walls, on all sides.

b = For R.C.C. Roof slabs and beams, the total


quantities of concrete and steel are estimated,
separately. The quantity of plain concrete is
estimated in cft and the standard unit for
payment of concrete is Rs. per 100 cft. Volume of
reinforcing steel is not deducted , while
estimating the volume of plain concrete for
payment.

c = R.C.C. lintels over wall openings such as


doors and windows are also included in R.C.C.
work.
ROOFING & RCC WORKS (ctd)

d = Roof consisting of beams, battens, and tiles or


wooden planks is estimated for each part,
separately. Steel beam is estimated by weight,
whereas, wooden beam is measured in cft.
Battens are estimated by numbers indicating
there size and lengths. Tiles are also estimated
by size and numbers.

e = Roof finishing may consist of bitumen coating


and/or Polythene sheets (water proofing) , earth
filling (heat proofing) and brick tiles, etc.
Dimensions are taken from inner face to inner
face of parapet walls.
This item is estimated in sft and a composite rate
for payment is taken as Rs. per 100 sft of the
roof area.
8 = REINFORCEMENT STEEL/GENERAL
STEEL WORK
Steel is provided separately from R.C.C. per ton, per Kg, or
per cwt (standard weight also called century weight equal
to 112 Ibs = 50Kg).

Quantity of steel can either be worked out by rules of


thumb practice or by intensive calculations taking the
length and diameter of steel bars from the working
drawings showing reinforcement details and bar-bending
schedules.

As a rule of thumb practice, for ordinary beams and


slabs for residences, assume 6.75 Ibs of steel per cft of
R.C.C. work. However, for R.C.C. columns, it varies from 8
to 10 Ibs per cft., because normally, we use 2% of steel in
columns.

Percentage of steel means, area of steel divided by total


area of the column multiplied by 100 and 1% of steel in
columns corresponds to a quantity of 4.5 Ibs/cft.
9 = FLOORS
Cement concrete floors. Mosaic floors, and brick
floors are most commonly used. Payments are
made separately for different layers, like, topping,
lean concrete, sand filling, earth filling, etc.

Earth filling, sand filling and lean concrete are


paid by volume, whereas, topping is paid on
area basis, mentioning thickness in the
description.

Standard unit for payment of topping is, usually,


Rs. per 100 sft.

The skirting is estimated in running ft.


10 = PLASTERING

The type of plaster, proportioning of materials


and minimum thickness of plaster have to be
specified.

The quantity is calculated for total wall surface


without deduction for openings such as doors
windows, ventilators, etc. However, if the wall is
being plastered on both the faces, the deductions
for opening areas are made from one side only.

Standard unit for payment is Rs. per 100 sft.

Height is also specified for plastering because, for


greater heights, labor cost increases. The rate
varies according to the number of the storey
11 = WOODWORK/CARPENTRY
The type of material used and the quantity of finish
required should be clearly indicated in the description of
the item.

The rate for any type of woodwork includes cutting of


timber to required sizes, joinery work, fittings and
fastenings, three coats of oil paints or varnish, bolts, locks,
handles, etc.

The measurements are taken for the overall area of doors,


windows, etc. If volume of timber required for these items
is to be finding out, the computed area is multiplied with
the nominal thickness and an allowance of 25% is made for
wastage of timber.

Rectangular wooden beams, vertical columns, trusses, etc.,


are measured in cft.

Wooden stairs are measured in number of steps and


description of the item includes the riser, tread, and width
of the steps.

Wooden shelves are measured in running ft (RFT).


12 = PLUMBING WORK/SANITARY FITTINGS

For water supply and drainage works in a


building, the pipe lines and sewer lines are
measured in RFT, while other items are
measured in numbers.

These items include wash hand basins


(W.H.B.), kitchen basins (which may be of
glazed ceramic, mosaic, or stainless steel),
water closets (W.C., which may be of
European type, or local type), flushing
tanks (also known as flushing cisterns),
shower rose, and all type of water tapes.
12 = PLUMBING WORK/SANITARY FITTINGS
Within sewer lines, man holes or inspection chambers are
to be provided at every corner and also at a distance, not
exceeding every 50 ft inside the house and every 100 ft
outside the house.

The size of man hole may be 2.5ft X 2,5ft for low depths
and 3ft X 3ft, 4ft X 4ft or 5ft X 5ft for deep depths.

Drainage pipe lines outside the covered area are, usually,


of R.C.C. with minimum diameter 4 in, however, these are
available in different sizes.

Inside the building, drainage pipe is, usually, of C.I. with


minimum diameter 3 in.

Water supply pipes are, usually, G.I. pipes., estimated in


RFT in different dias.

Other accessories, like sockets, elbows, tees, reducers,


unions, etc., are estimated in numbers.
13 = ELECTRIC FITTINGS

All the accessories used in electric


fittings are described in detail and
payment is done in numbers or RFT .
SOME COMMON RELATIONS
USED IN BUILDING
ESTIMATES
1- MORTARS

(a)Cement-Sand Mortars
120 cft dry yields 100 cft wet

(b) Lime-Sand Mortars


113 cft dry yields 100 cft wet

(C) Cement-Lime-Sand Mortars


112 cft dry yields 100 cft wet

(d) Dry mortar for 100 sft of thick cement


plaster =6 cft
2- CEMENT CONCRETE
154 cft dry yields 100 cft wet

3- BRICKWORK
(a) 100 cft Brick masonary Bricks
------------1350
Dry Mortar ------- 30
cft
Wet Mortar ------- 25
cft

(b) 100 sft surface area using bricks on bed


Bricks
--------------360
Mortar ------------- 9
cft

(b) 100 sft surface area using bricks on edge


4- POINTING PER 1000 SFT AREA

1:1 1:2 1:3


Ingredient
Cement 8 cft 5 cft 3.8 cft
Sand 8 cft 10 cft 11.4 cft

5- EARTHWORK
Output of labor assuming one man working 8 hours per day with lift up to 5 ft or less

TYPE OF SOIL EXCAVATION PER DAY


Medium Soil 75 100 cft
Hard / Stiff Soil 50 75 cft
Rocky Soil 25 30 cft
6- BITUMEN

Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat) = 15 Kg

Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat) = 10 Kg

7- CEMENT
1 Bag ------------- 50 Kg (Weight), 1.25 cft (Volume)

8- SPECIFIC WEIGHTS
RCC --------------- 150 lbs / cft
PCC --------------- 145 lbs / cft
Aggregate ------- 166 lbs / cft
9- TIBER

= 13 cft
Timber for 100 sft of Panelled Doors and Windows

Timber for 100 sft of Glazed windows and Ventilators = 8 cft

10- WHITE WASH

Lime for 100 sft of white wash (one coat) = 1.00 Kg


ESTIMATION OF A SIMPLE
BUILDING
PLAN
FOUNDATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
Clear height of rooms:12
Clear height of Verandah:10-6
Plinth level:1-6
Thickness of roof slab:4
Thickness of RCC shade:3
Depth of RCC Beams in Verandah: 1-6 below verandah
slab
Parapet wall:1-0 (Clear height above roof tiles)
Ventilators (4 No.):2-6 x 1-6
RCC lintel:6 in depth
Damp proof coarse:1 thick PCC (1:2:4) + 2 coats of
hot bitumen + polythene sheet
Full foundation up to plinth level along verandah
periphery is provided
Internal finishes : Three coats of white wash/distemper
paint
External finishes: Three coats of Weather shield paint
Center to Center Lengths

L1 = (10-0) + (12-0) + (0-4 ) + (0-4 ) +


(0-4 ) = 23-1

S1& S2(12-0) + (0-4 ) + (0-4 ) = 12-9

S3(8-0) + (0-4 ) - (0-4 ) = 8-0


BILL OF QUANTITIES
1- CIVIL WORKS
S. Description of item N Measurement Quantity Total Remarks
No o Quanti
Length Breadth Depth
ty

1
Earthwork for
excavation
in
foundation
trenches
L1 3 25-7 2-6 3-6 224.22 cft 672.66 cft L = 23-1 +2-6 = 25-7

S1 2 10-3 2-6 3-6 89.62 cft 179 .35 cft L = 12-9-(2-6) = 10-3

S2 1 10-3 2-1 3-6 76.23 cft 76.23 cft L = 12-9-(2-6) = 10-3


S3 2 5-6 2-6 3-6 48.12 cft 96.25 cft L = 8-0-(2-6) = 5-6

Total = 1024.52 cft


2
Earth work in
filing under
floors
Room No.1 1 12-0 12-0 0-6 78.00 cft 80.64 cft D = 1-6-(0-11 ) = 10-3

Room No.2 1 10-0 12-0 0-6 65.00 cft 67.20 cft


Veranda 1 22-4 7-3 0-6 87.87 cft 87.87 cft L = 10-0+(0-4)+(12-0)


= 22-11
B = 8-0-(0-9)=7-3

Total = 230.87 cft

3
P.C.C (1:4:8) in
foundation using
crushed or
broken stones
L1 3 25-7 2-6 0-6 32.00 cft 96.00 cft

S1 2 10-3 2-6 0-6 12.81 cft 25.63 cft

S2 1 10-3 2-1 0-6 10.89 cft 10.89 cft

S3 2 5-6 2-6 0-6 6.87 cft 13.75 cft

Total= 146.27 cft


4
Burnt brick work
in foundation and
plinth using first
class bricks in
(1:6) cements
sand mortar.
(a) L1

1st step 3 24-7 1-6 0-6 18.67 cft 55.40 cft L = 23-1+(1-6) = 24-7

2nd step 3 24-3 1-1 0-6 13.64 cft 40.92 cft L = 23-1+(1-1) = 24-3

3rd step up to plinth level 3 23-10 0-9 3-4 60.43 cft 181.30 cft L = 23-1+(0-9) = 23-10
D = 2-0 +(1-6) (0-1 )
= 3-4

Total= 277.62 cft


(b) S1

1st step 2 11-3 1-6 0-6 8.44 cft 16.88 cft L = 12-9-(1-6) = 11-3

2nd step 2 11-7 1-1 0-6 6.54 cft 13.08 cft L = 12-9-( 1-1) = 11-7

3rd step up to plinth level 2 12-0 0-9 3-4 30.37 cft 60.75 cft L = 12-9-( 0-9) = 12-0

Total= 90.71 cft


(c) S2

1st step 1 11-3 1-1 0-6 6.33 cft 6.33 cft L = 12-9-(1-6 ) = 11-3

2nd step 1 11-7 0-9 0-6 4.36 cft 4.36 cft L = 12-9-( 1-1)= 11-7

3rd step up to plinth level 1 12-0 0-4 3-4 15.19 cft 15.19 cft L = 12-9-( 0-9) = 12-0

Total= 25.88 cft

(d)S3

1st step 2 6-6 1-6 0-6 4.87 cft 9.75 cft L = 8-0-(16) = 6-6

2nd step 2 6-10 1-1 0-6 3.86 cft 7.73 cft L = 8-0-(1-1) = 6-10

3rd step up to plinth level 2 7-3 0-9 3-4 18.35 cft 36.70 cft L = 8-0-(0-9) = 7-3

Total= 54.18 cft

(e) steps in front of ver

1st step 1 23-10 2-0 0-6 23.88 cft 23.88 cft 23-1+(0-4)+(0-4)
=23-10

2nd step 1 23-10 1-0 0-6 11.94 cft 11.94 cft


Total= 35.82 cft

G.Total= 484.21 cft


5
1-1/2 thick P.C.C Length & Breadth same as for
plinth wall
(1:2:4) in DPC
including two
coats of hot
bitumen.
L1 2 23-10 0-9 - 17.9 sft 35.81 sft

S1 2 12-0 0-9 - 9.00 sft 18.00 sft

S2 1 12-0 0-4 - 4.5 sft 4.50 sft

Verandah columns 3 0-9 0-9 - 0.56 sft 1.69 sft

Total= 60.00 sft

Deduction

Door sills 1 4-0 0-9 - 3.00 sft 3.00 sft

1 4-0 0-4 - 1.50 sft 1.50sft

Total= 4.50 sft

Net Total= 55.50 sft


6
Burnt brick work
in super structure
using first class
bricks in (1:4)
cement sand
mortar
L1 2 23-10 0-9 13-10 248.45 cft 496.90 cft H = 12-0 (Room height) + 0-
4 ( Slab) + 0-4 (Earth filling)
+ 0-1(Mud plaster) + 0-1
(Tiles) + 1-0 (P. wall)
= 13-10

S1 2 12-0 0-9 13-10 124.87 cft 249.75 cft


S2 1 12-0 0-4 12-0 54.00 cft 54.00 cft No Parapet Walls

Verandah columns 3 0-9 0-9 8-6 4.78 cft 14.34 cft H=10-0-(1-6)=8-6

Verandah parapet walls

(i) L1 1 23-10 0-9 1-6 27.60 cft 27.60 cft H = 0-4 (Earth filling) + 0-1
(Mud plaster) +
0-1 (Tiles) + 1-0 (P. walls)
= 1-6

(ii) S3 2 7-3 0-9 1-6 8.38 cft 16.76 cft

Total= 859.35 cft


Deduction
Doors 1 4-0 0-9 7-0 21.00 cft 21.00 cft
1 4-0 0-4 7-0 10.5 cft 10.50 cft

Windows 3 4-0 0-9 4-0 12.00 cft 36.0 cft
Ventilators 4 2-6 0-9 1--6 2.81 cft 11.25 cft
Shelves 2 4-0 0-6 5-0 10.00 cft 20.00 cft
RCC lintels over
(i)doors 1 5-0 0-9 0-6 1.87 cft 1.87 cft
1 5-0 0-4 0-6 0.93 cft 0.93 cft

(ii)Windows 3 5-0 0-9 0-6 1.87 cft 5.62 cft
(iii)Ventilators 4 3-6 0-9 0-6 1.31 cft 5.25 cft
(iv)Shelves 2 5-0 0-9 0-6 1.87 cft 3.75 cft
Total= 116.18 cft
Net Total= 743.17 cft
7 Reinforced There is 4 bearing
cement concrete of both slabs on all
(1:2:4) as in roof walls
slab, lintels,
columns, beams
etc.,
reinforcement will
be measured
separately.

Roof slab of rooms 1 23-1 12-9 0-4 98.28 cft 98.28 cft L = 10-0 + 12-0 +
0-4 + 0-9 (2
bearings) = 23-1
B = 12-0 + 0-
4(bearing) + 0-
4(bearing) = 12-9
Roof slab of 1 23-10 8-4 0-4 66.65 cft 66.65 cft B = 8-0 + 0-4
Verandah (bearing) = 8-4
Verandah beam
Long beam 1 23-1 0-9 1-6 26.86 cft 26.86 cft
0
Short beam 2 7-7 0-9 1-6 8.59 cft 17.18 cft L=8-0-(0-9)+(0-
4)
=7-7
Lintels
(i)doors 1 5-0 0- 0-6 1.87 cft 1.87 cft
9
1 5-0 0-4 0-6 0.93 cft 0.93 cft

(ii)Windows 3 5-0 0- 0-6 1.87 cft 5.62 cft
9
(iii)Ventilators 4 3-6 0- 0-6 1.31 cft 5.25 cft
9
(iv)Shelves 2 5-0 0- 0-6 1.87 cft 3.75 cft
9
Shades 2 5-0 1- 0- 1.87 cft 3.75 cft
6 3
Total= 226.39 cft
8 Mild steel round 6.75 lbs/cft
bars as in steel of
reinforcement 226.39 cft
including cutting, concrete
bending, binding =1528.13
and placing lbs
reinforcement in
position

Total= 1529.00
lbs
9 Roof insulation
comprising of 2
coats of hot
bitumen, 4 thick
earth filling, 1
thick mud plaster
and 1-1/2 thick
brick tiles jointed
and pointed in
cement sand mortar
(1:3)

Rooms (1 & 2) 1 22-4 12-0 - 268.50 268.5 cft L = 10-0+(12-0)


cft +(0-4)
= 22- 4-
Verandah 1 22-4 7-3 - 162.22 162.22 cft B = 8-0-(0-9) = 7-
cft 3
Total= 430.72 sft
10 Sand under floors
Room No.1 1 10-0 12-0 0-6 60.00 cft 60.00 cft
Room No.2 1 12-0 12-0 0-6 72.00 cft 72.00 cft
Verandah 1 22-4 7-3 0-6 81.11 cft 81.11 cft

Total= 213.11 cft
11 Cement concrete
(1:4:8) as under
layer of floors
Room No.1 1 10-0 12-0 0-4 40.00 cft 40.00 cft
Room No.2 1 12-0 12-0 0-4 48.00 cft 48.00 cft
Verandah 1 22-4 7-3 0-4 54.07 cft 54.07 cft

Total= 142.07 cft
12 1-1/2 thick cement
concrete (1:2:4) as
top layer of floor,
finished smooth
Room No.1 1 10-0 12- - 120.00 120.00 sft
0 sft
Room No.2 1 12-0 12- - 144.00 144.00 sft
0 sft
Verandah 1 23-10 8- - 191.00 191.00 sft L = 10-0+(12-0)+(0-
0 sft 4 ) +(0-9)+(0-9) =
23-10
Door sill 1 1 4-0 0- - 3.00 sft 3.00 sft
9
Door sill 1 1 4-0 0-4 - 1.50sft 1.50sft

Total= 459.5 sft
Deduction
Columns 3 0-9 0-9 - 0.56 sft 1.68sft
Net 457.80 sft
Total=
13 thick (1:3)
cement sand
plaster to walls
finished smooth
Inner side
Room No.1 (Long wall) 2 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.1 (Short wall) 2 10-0 - 12-0 120.00 sft 240.00 sft
Room No.1 (Ceiling) 1 10-0 - 12-0 120.00 sft 120.00 sft
Room No.2 (Long wall) 2 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.2 (Short wall) 2 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.2 (Ceiling) 1 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 144.00 sft
Verandah wall 1 23-10 - 10-0 238.75 sft 238.75 sft L=(10-0)+(12-0)+(0-4
) +(0-9)+ (0-9)=23-
10
Verandah ceiling 1 23-10 - 8 0 202.94 sft 202.94 sft

Columns 3 3-0 - 8-6 25.50 sft 76.5 sft L=(0-9)+ (0-9)+ (0-9)
+ (0-9) =3-0
Long beam (internal 1 22-4 - 1-6 33.55 sft 33.55 sft
side)
Long beam (soffit) 2 10-9 - 0-9 8.10 sft 16.21 sft L={(22-4 )-(0-9)}/2
=10-9
Short beam (internal 2 7-3 - 1-6 10.87 sft 21.74 sft
sides)
Short beam (soffit) 2 7-3 - 0-9 5.43 sft 10.87 sft
Outer side
Rear wall 1 23-10 - 15- 379.00 379.00 sft H = (0-6)+(1-6)
10 sft +(12-0)+
+(0-4)+(0-4)+(0-1)
+
(0-1)+(1-0)=15-
10
Left & Right side wall 2 13-6 - 15- 214.32 428.64 sft L = (12-0)+(0-9)
10 sft +(0-9)
=13-6
Front side (above 1 23-10 - 3-0 71.63 sft 71.63 sft H = (12-0)+(0-4)+
verandah roof) ( 0-6) +(1-0)-(10-
10 =3-0
Left & Right side wall 2 8-0 - 2-0 16.00 sft 32.00 sft H = (1 6)+ (0 6)
of verandah = 2 0
Parapet wall
Inner side of rooms 2 22-4 - 1-0 22.37 44.70 sft
sft
2 12-0 - 1-0 12.00 12.00 sft
sft
Inner side of 1 22-4 - 1-0 22.37 22.37 sft
Verandah sft
2 7-3 - 1-0 7.25 sft 7.25 sft
Outer side of 1 23-10 - 1-6 37.23 sft 37.23 sft
Verandah
2 8-0 - 1-6 12.48 sft 24.96 sft

Top of parapet wall 2 23-10 - 0-9 17.9 sft 35.80 sft
(Rooms)
Long beam (sides) 1 23-10 - 1-6 35.81 sft 35.81 sft
Short beam (sides) 2 8-0 - 1-6 12.00 sft 24.00 sft
Steps
Tread 2 23-10 - 1-0 23.87 sft 47.74 sft
Riser 3 23-10 - 0-6 11.93 sft 35.80 sft
Sides 2 2 00 0-6 1.00 sft 2.00 sft
2 1 00 0-6 0.5 sft 1.00 sft
Total= 3257.26 sft
Deduction
Doors 2 4-0 - 7-0 28.00 sft 56.00 sft
Windows 3 4-0 - 4-0 16.00 sft 48.00 sft
Ventilators 4 2-6 - 1-6 3.75 sft 15.00 sft
Total= 119.00 sft
Net Total= 3138.26 sft
14 Wood work as
in
(i) 1 thick 2 4-0 - 7-0 28.00 sft 56.00 sft
wooden doors with
chowkat,.
Total= 56.00 sft
(ii) Glazed and 3 4-0 - 4-0 16.00 sft 48.00 sft
gauzed windows
and ventilators.
4 2-6 - 1-6 3.75 sft 15.00 sft
Total = 63.00 sft
G.Total= 119.00 sft
15 Three coats of - - - - - .(2 x Qty of
painting to item No.14)
doors , = 230.50
sft
windows and
ventilators
Total 238.50 sft
16 Three coats of
distempering/
white washing to
walls (Internal
Side)
Room No.1 (Long wall) 2 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.1 (Short wall) 2 10-0 - 12-0 120.00 sft 240.00 sft
Room No.1 (Ceiling) 1 10-0 - 12-0 120.00 sft 120.00 sft
Room No.2 (Long wall) 2 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.2 (Short wall) 2 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 288.00 sft
Room No.2 (Ceiling) 1 12-0 - 12-0 144.00 sft 144.00 sft
Verandah wall 1 23-10 - 10-0 238.75 sft 238.75 sft

Verandah Ceiling 1 23-10 - 8-0 202.94 sft 202.94 sft

Columns 3 3-0 - 8-6 25.50 sft 76.50 sft
Long beam (sides) 1 22-4 - 1-6 33.55 sft 33.55 sft
Long beam (soffit) 2 10-9 - 0-9 8.10 sft 16.21 sft L={(22-4 )-(0-9)}/2
=10-9
Short beam (sides) 2 7-3 - 1-6 10.87 sft 21.74 sft
Short beam (soffit) 2 7-3 - 0-9 5.43 sft 10.87 sft
Door jambs 2 0-9 - 7-0 5.25 sft 10.50 sft
2 0-4 - 7-0 2.63 sft 5.25 sft
1 0-9 - 4-0 3.0 sft 1.50 sft
1 0-4 - 4-0 1.50 sft 3.00 sft
Window jambs 6 0-9 - 4-0 3.00 sft 18.00 sft
6 0-9 - 4-0 3.00 sft 18.00 sft
Ventilator jambs 8 0-9 - 2-6 1.88 sft 15.00 sft
8 0-9 - 1-6 1.19 sft 9.00 sft
Shelves 2 0-6 - 5-0 2.5 sft 5.00 sft
2 0-6 - 4-0 2.0 sft 4.00 sft
Total= 2057.81 sft
Deduction
Doors 2 4-0 - 7-0 28.00 sft 56.00 sft
Windows 4 4-0 - 4-0 16.00 sft 64.00 sft
Ventilators 6 2-6 - 1-6 3.75 sft 22.50 sft
Column Tops 3 0-9 - 0-9 2.0 sft 1.69 sft
Total= 144.19 sft
Net 1913.62 sft
Total=
17 Three coats of
Weather shield
paint to walls.
(External side)
Rear side wall 1 23-10 - 16- 390.95 sft 390.95 sft
4
Left & Right side wall 2 13-6 - 16- 221.06 sft 442.12 sft
4
Front side (above 1 23-10 - 3-6 92.51 sft 83.56 sft
verandah roof)
Left & Right side wall of 2 8-0 - 2-0 16.00 sft 32.00 sft
verandah
Parapet wall
Inner side of rooms 2 22-4 - 1-0 22.37 sft 44.70 sft
2 12-0 - 1-0 12.00 sft 24.00 sft
Inner side of Verandah 1 22-4 - 1-0 22.37 sft 22.37 sft
2 7-3 - 1-0 7.25 sft 14.50 sft
Outer side of Verandah 1 23-10 - 1-6 37.23 sft 37.23 sft

2 8-0 - 1-6 24.96 sft 49.92 sft

Top of parapet wall 2 23-10 - 0-9 17.9 sft 35.80 sft
(Rooms)
2 12-0 - 0-9 9.00 sft 18.00 sft
Top of parapet wall 1 23-10 - 0-9 17.90 sft 17.90 sft
(Rooms)
2 7-3 - 0-9 5.43 sft 10.87 sft
Long beam (sides) 1 23-10 - 1-6 35.81 sft 35.81 sft

Short beam (sides) 2 8-3 - 1-6 12.37 sft 24.75 sft

Total= 1284.48 sft

Deduction

Windows 2 4-0 - 4-0 16.00 sft 32.00 sft


Ventilators 2 2-6 - 1-6 3.75 sft 7.50 sft
Total= 39.50 sft
Net 1244.98 sft
Total=
ABSTRACT OF QUANTITIES
1- CALCULATIONS

1. Excavation in Medium soil

Quantity = 1024.52 cft

Output of one labourer working 8 hrs = 75 cft

04 labourers are required for 3 days to


excavate 1050 cft earth.
2. PCC (1:4:8) in foundation
Quantity of BOQ item No.3 (Foundations) = 146.27 cft
Quantity of BOQ item No.11 (Floors) = 142.07 cft
Total = 288.34 cft
Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete = 154 cft

Note:
Materials
(i) Cement=154x1x288.34/(100x13) = 34.15cft
(ii) Sand=154x4x288.34/(100x13) = 136.62 cft
(iii) Coarse aggregate =154x8x288.34/ = 273.25 cft
(100x13)
3. Ist Class Burnt brick work in foundation
in cement sand mortar (1:6)
Quantity of BOQ item No.4 = 484.21 cft

Note: Bricks for 100 cft of brick work = 1350 Nos.


Dry mortar for 100 cft of brik work = 30 cft

Material
(i) Bricks=1350x484.21/100 = 6537 Nos.
(ii) Cement=30x1x484.21/(7x100) = 20.75 cft
(iii) Sand=30x6x484.21/(7x100) = 124.51cft
4. 1 thick PCC (1:2:4) in DPC including
two coats of hot bitumen.
Quantity of BOQ item No.5=55.50x0.125 = 6.93 cft

Note: (i) Dry material for 100 cft of cement concrete = 154 cft
(ii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat) = 15 Kg
(iii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat) = 10 Kg

Material
(i) Cement=154x1x6.93/(100x7) = 1.52 cft
(ii) Sand=154x2x6.93/(100x7) = 3.04 cft
(iii) Coarse aggregate=154x4x6.93/(100x7) = 6.09 cft
(iv) Bitumen =25x55.50/100 = 13.87 Kg
(v) Polythene Sheet (2 x 55.5) = 111.0 sft
5. Ist Class Burnt brick work in Super
structure in cement sand mortar (1:4)

Quantity of BOQ item No.6 = 743.17 cft

Note (i) Bricks for 100 cft of brick work = 1350 Nos.
:
(ii) Dry mortar for 100 cft of brik work = 30 cft

Material

(i) Bricks=1350x743.17/100 = 10033


Nos.
(ii) Cement=30x1x743.17/(5x100) = 44.59 cft

(iii) Sand=30x4x747.13/(5x100) = 178.36 cft


6. Reinforced cement concrete (1:2:4)
Quantity of BOQ item No.7 = 226.39 cft

Note: Dry material for 100 cft of cement = 154 cft


concrete

Materials
(i) Cement=154x1x226.39/(100x7) = 49.80 cft
(ii) Sand=154x2x226.39/(100x7) = 99.61 cft
(iii)Coarse aggregate = 199.22 cft
=154x4x226.39/(100x7)
(iv) Mild steel round bars = 1529 lbs
= 693.55 Kg
(Note: 1 Kg = 0.454 lbs)
7. Roof insulation
Quantity of BOQ item No.9 = 430.72 sft

Note: (i) Brick tiles for 100 sft roof insulation = 360 Nos.
(ii) Dry mortar for 100 sft = 9.00 cft
(iii) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (first coat) = 15 Kg
(iv) Bitumen for 100 sft of DPC (second coat) = 10 Kg

Material
(i) 1 thick brick tiles = 1551 Nos.
(ii) Cement=9x1x430.72/(4x100) = 9.69 cft
(iii) Sand=9x4x430.72/(4x100) = 29.07 cft
(iv) Bitumen =430.72/100 = 107.68 Kg
(v) Mud /Earth filling=430.72x0.42 = 180.90 cft
(Vi) Polythene sheet (2 x 430.72) = 862 sft
8. Sand under floors
Quantity of BOQ item No.10 = 213.11 cft
Material
Sand = 213.11 cft
9. 1 thick cement concrete (1:2:4) in
floors
Quantity of BOQ item No.12=457.80x0.125 = 57.23 cft

Note: (i) 1 = 0.125 ft = 154 cft


(ii) Dry material for 100 cft of cement
concrete
Materials
(i) Cement=154x1x57.23/(100x7) = 12.59 cft
(ii) Sand=154x2x57.23/(100x7) = 25.18 cft
(iii) Coarse aggregate = 50.36 cft
=154x4x57.23/(100x7)
10. 1/2 thick cement plaster in cement sand mortar
(1:3)
Quantity of BOQ item No.13 = 3138.26 sft

Note: Dry mortar for 100 sft of thick cement plaster = 6 cft

Material
(i) Cement=6x1x3138.26/(4x100) = 47.07 cft
(ii) Sand=6x3x3138.26/(4x100) = 141.22 cft
11. Wood work in door, windows ventilators
Quantity of BOQ item No.14 (i) Doors = 56.00 sft
Quantity of BOQ item No.14 (ii) Windows = 63.00 sft

Note: (i) Timber for 100 sft of Panelled Doors = 13 cft


(ii) Timber for 100 sft of Glazed windows and Ventilators = 8 cft
Total 21 cft
Material
(i) Timber for doors =13x56/100 = 7.28 cft
(ii) Timber for windows and Ventilators =8x63/100 = 5.04 cft
Total = 13.32 cft
12. White wash
Quantity of BOQ item No.16 = 1913.62 sft
Quantity of BOQ item No.17 = 1244.98 sft
Total = 3158.60 sft

Note: Lime for 100 sft of white wash (one coat) = 1.00 Kg

Material
Lime for three coats=1x3x3158.60/100 = 31.58 Kg

13. Earth filling under floors


Quantity of BOQ item No.2 = 230.87 cft

Material
Earth for filling = 230.87 cft
2- SUMMARY
S.No. Description of material Quantity

1. Cement 220.16 cft or


(From 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10) 177 Bags
2. Sand 737.61 cft
(From 2,4,6,9,)
3. Coarse aggregate 528.92 cft
(From 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10)
4. Mild steel round bars 693.55 Kg
5 Burnt bricks 1st class 16570 Nos.
(From 3,5)
6 1/2 thick Brick tiles 1551 Nos.
7 Bitumen 121.55 Kg
(From 4,7)
8 Polythene sheet 973 sft
(From 4,7)
9. Timber 13.32 cft
10. Lime 31.58 Kg
11. Mud/Earth filling 411.77 cft
(From 7,13)

You might also like