PROJECT

DELIVERY
SYSTEM
1. Traditional Contract.
DEFINITION OF
TRADITIONAL CONTRACT
Common contracting method in which the
client (customer or project owner) selects
professional service providers (such as
architects and engineers) for the design
work and then invites bids for
construction work.
 TRADITIONAL CONTRACT
In the traditional approach, the employer
accepts that design work will generally
separate from construction, consultants are
appointed for design and cost control, and the
contractor is responsible for carrying out the
works. This responsibility extends to all
workmanship and materials, and includes all
work by subcontractors and suppliers.
 THE TRADITIONAL
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
 The owner engages a designer (architect/engineer) to
prepare a design, complete set of drawings and
specifications, including complete contract documents. The
designer typically maintains limited oversight of the work
and responds to questions about the design on behalf of
the owner.
Once completed, the bid package, including the design and
bidders information packet, is presented to interested
contractors, who prepare and submit their bids for the
work. The owner will select a contractor, usually based on
the lowest price.
The selected general contractor will then execute contracts
with subcontractors to construct various specialty items.
The contractor is responsible for constructing the facility in
accordance with the contract documents.
 TRADITIONAL CONTRACT
CAN BE USED WHEN:
A programme allows sufficient time.
Consultant design is warranted.
A client wishes to appoint designers and contractors
separately.
Price certainty is wanted before the start of
construction.
Product quality is required.
A balance of risk is to be placed between the client
and constructor.
ADVANTAGES
REDUCE UNCERTAINTIES

- Well defined relationship (through chart)

- (separation of design from the construction elements of the contracts)
- Responsibilities are well understood
- Designer (architect) design, contactor construct the design
project will proceed smoothly from beginning to end
BENEFIT OF OPEN MARKET COMPETITION

- Open bidding procedures

- Lowest bidder is the winner
Gives client lowest price available in the marketplace & economic efficiency
Contractors Designed Portion

- Subcontractor specialist such as Mechanical and Electrical Engineering

No overlapping task
PROVIDE DESIGN CONTROL

- through architect
- which allows more flexibility for design which are subjected to changes
reduce chances of delay work
DISADVANTAGES
TIME CONSUMING

- Construction cannot proceed unless drawing is finished

- Process is sequential (no chance in overlapping task)

Takes longer period of time

COST CONSUMING

- Design not reviewed for constructability before it is finished

- Due to separation of task
- more variations or changes needed to be made on site
Results in higher overall cost
LITTLE OPPORTUNITY FOR TEAM BUILDING

- Lack of interaction among participants

High potential risk which lead to major breakdown in relationship