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RKTiwary
Relationship between and
IE = IC + IB
IE = IC + IB
Then Then = 1+
Hence
and
Thus, if
= 0.98, = 0.98/0.02 = 49
and if = 0.99, = 0.99/0.01 = 99
Stabality in Transistor
IC = IE + ICB0
= (IB + IC) + ICB0
IC(1 ) = IB + ICB0
Bias point
stabilization
Load line for a transistor
An npn transistor with load
resistance R
Graphical determination of
the output current of a
transistor in a
common-base circuit
Simple common-emitter transistor amplifier
Alternatively
RMS output voltage =
RMS output current
and Po = (0.68 103)2 2.2
103 1.0 mW
Alternatively
RMS output voltage =
RMS output current
and Po = (0.68 103)2 2.2 103
1.0 mW
as before
Equivalent circuits of a transistor
Common-emitter amplifier stage and its equivalent
circuit
And
And
Where
And
Where
And
Where
which is
minus sign results from the current
directions and
also this implies that there
is a 180 phase shift between
input and output, as shown in Fig.
A transistor amplifier stage comprises a
transistor of parameters
hie = 800 , hfe = 50 and hoe = 20 S, and bias
components and coupling capacitors of negligible
effect. The input signal consists of an e.m.f. of 60
mV from a source of internal resistance 2.2 k,
and the total load on the stage output is 4 k.
Determine the current, voltage and power gains
of the amplifier stage.
A transistor amplifier is shown in Fig.. The
parameters of the
transistor are hie = 2 k, hoe = 25 S and hfe = 55,
and the output load resistor dissipates a signal
power of 10 mW. Determine the power gain of
the stage and the input signal e.m.f. E. The
reactance of the capacitors may be neglected.
Vce = 10 V
Vce = 10 V
Vce = 10 V
Ib = 40.9 106 A
Ib = 40.9 106 A
= = 41.9 106 A
E = (41.9 106 5 103) + (40.9 106 2
103)= 0.29 V
Ib = 40.9 106 A
So = 41.9 106 A
E = (41.9 106 5 103) + (40.9 106 2
103)= 0.29 V
Ib = 40.9 106 A
= 41.9 106 A
Pi = VbeIi = (40.9 106 2 103) (41.9
106)= 3.43 106 W
Po = 10 103 W
Ib = 40.9 106 A
= 41.9 106 A
Pi = VbeIi = (40.9 106 2 103) (41.9
106)= 3.43 106 W
Po = 10 103 W
Common-base amplifier stage
Here hfb (= )
Hybrid parameters
And Vo = 40 2mv = 80 mV
Effect of input resistance on gain
input resistance
been greater,
say 1 M,
And Vo = 40 = 3.8 v
Compare it with Vo = 80 mv
Stabilizing voltage supplies
The network which provides steady value is
called a stabilization circuit. It maintains a
constant output voltage when:
1. the supply voltage varies, and/or
2. the load current changes.
S = stability factor =
Eg. Without stabilization, a supply voltage can
change from 110 to 80 V even though the load
current remains constant. With stabilization
effected by a circuit which has a stability factor of
0.06, determine
the change in the stabilized voltage
Eg. Without stabilization, a supply voltage can
change from 110 to 80 V even though the load
current remains constant. With stabilization
effected by a circuit which has a stability factor of
0.06, determine
the change in the stabilized voltage
Following table summarizes important points about
CB,CE,CC transistor configurations.
Common Common Common
Parameter
Base Emitter Collector
High, Same as
Voltage Gain High Less than Unity
CE