Bonding

-Ionic Bond & Metallic Bond

 Learning Outcome :
Describeionic bonding formed
between metallic and non-
metallic elements.

Describe
the structures of ionic
compounds.
 Bonding
There are three types of bonding :
a) Ionic Bond
b) Metallic Bond
c) Covalent Bond Simple & Giant
Ionic compounds

Electrostatic force
 Ionic bond/ Ionic compound
Ionic compounds are composed of two
or more different kinds of oppositely
charged ions.
Cations and anions are attracted
strongly by strong electrostatic
forces.
They are arranged in a large 3-
dimensional ionic lattice structure,
making them generally crystalline
solid.
 The whole structure must be
electrically neutral.
Total no.of negative = total no. of
positive
Example :

Na + Cl Na+Cl-
NaCl Salt- 3D lattice structure
 Learning Outcome :
Torelate the type of bonding and
structures of ionic compounds to their
respective physical properties.

Explain
high melting points and
boiling points of ionic compounds.

Explainwhy molten ionic compounds

are electrical conductors.
 Physical properties of ionic compounds
- High melting / boiling point
Why ?
Ionic compound with strong
electrostatic attraction forces between
the oppositely charged ions throughout
the 3D ionic lattice structure. Therefore,
more heat energy is required to break
this strong bond.
- State at room temperature Solid
why?
Ionic compound with strong
electrostatic attraction forces
between oppositely charged ions
throughout the 3D lattice
structure. Therefore, more heat
energy is required to break the
bonds.
 Question
Explain why is the ionic compound
in solid state at room temperature.
1. _______________forces between
___________ions
2. throughout the
___________________structure.
3. Therefore, _________energy is
needed to break the strong bond.
- Electrical conductivity
At solid state, - Non conductive.
Why ?
Ions are held in their position by
strong electrostatic attraction
forces. Therefore, No free ions to
conduct electricity.
In molten form,
Conductive
Why ?
All ions are freely moved in molten

state.
- Solubility in water
Can dissolve in water to a certain
extent.
Water molecules are able to get between
ions in most ionic solids and effectively
reduce the force of attraction between
these ions by increasing the distance
between them.

The water molecules also provide an

insulating barrier between charges to
avoid the formation of ionic bond again.
 O

-
- + O

+ -

O
O O
+
O -
O
- Brittle
When force is applied, the ions will
go out of alignment such that
same charge is next to each other.
Therefore, the similar charged
ions repel each other and the ionic
lattice structure will break.
Brittle- Ionic compound

- + - +
+ - - +
 Learning outcome
Describe
metallic bonding formed
between metallic elements.

Describe
the structure of metallic
compounds.
Metals Metallic Bond
 Metallic Bond
Strongelectrostatic attraction
forces between the positive metal
ions and the sea of mobile electrons
(valence electrons donated by metal
atoms)
 Positive ion delocalised
electrons
Metallic
bond sea of
mobile e-
 Learning Outcome :
To relate the type of bonding and
structure of metallic to its respective
physical properties.
Explain high melting point and
boiling point of metallic compound.
Explain why metal is electrical
conductor.
 Physical Properties of metal
- High melting point/ boiling point &
State at room temperature solid
Why ?
Strong electrostatic forces between
the positive metal ions and the sea
of the mobile electrons.
throughout the 3D metallic lattice
structure
a lot of energy is needed to break
this strong primary bond.
 Question
Explain why is metal in solid state
at room temperature.
1. ________________forces between
________________and ____________
2. Throughout the ____________________
3. __________energy is needed to break
the bonds.
 Electrical
conductivity
Solid and molten conductive
why?
Because it contains free electrons (
sea of mobile electrons) which can
conduct electricity.
 Solubility
in water
Insoluble
Why ?
Because water molecules cannot
penetrate in between the metal ions
and the sea of mobile electrons to
free them.
 Malleableand Ductile
Malleable can be pressed / beaten
into shapes easily.

Ductile can be pressed/ beaten/

pulled to fine strands without being
heated.
 Can slide over each other