Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(1883- 1969)
German Architect
Worked under Peter Behrens
Influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright
FOUNDED THE BAUHAUS
Migrated to the US and taught at the
Harvard School of Architecture
Architects, sculptors, painters, we must all return to the crafts!
For art is not a profession. There is no essential difference
between the artist and the craftsman.
The artist is the exalted craftsman.
-GROPIUS
CHARACTER OF WORKS:
Simple geometry, often rectangular
Use of modern materials like steel and glass
Smooth surfaces
Primary colors
Linear and horizontal elements
Walter Gropius
(w/ Adolf Meyer),
WERKBUND PAVILION,
Germany, 1914
German Architect
No formal training in architecture
Worked under Peter Behrens
Succeeded Gropius as Bauhaus Director
Migrated to the US and taught architecture
at the Illinois Institute of Technology
Designed SKYSCRAPERS OF STEEL AND GLASS
which became models of skyscraper design
throughout the world
Less is more.
-van der Rohe
CHARACTER OF WORKS:
Simple rectangular forms
Open, flexible plans and multi-functional spaces
Widespread use of glass to bring the outside in
Mastered steel and glass construction
Exposed and very refined structural details
Mies van der Rohe,
LAKE SHORE DRIVE APTS. & THE SEAGRAM BUILDING
Mies van der Rohe,
SEAGRAM BUILDING,
New York, 1958
Mies van der Rohe,
LAKE SHORE DRIVE
APARTMENTS, Illinois, 1951
Mies van der Rohe,
FARNSWORTH HOUSE,
Illinois, 1946-51
Mies van der Rohe, Mies van der Rohe,
GERMAN PAVILION Interior, FARNSWORTH HOUSE Interior,
Barcelona Expo, 1929 Illinois, 1946-51
Frank Lloyd Wright
(1867- 1959)
American Architect
Worked under Louis Sullivan
Influenced by the British Arts and Crafts Movement
and traditional Japanese Architecture
Influenced European modern architects
created the philosophy of ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE,
which maintains that the building must develop out of
its surroundings.
known for the Prairie Houses, characterized by
asymmetrical plans and low, wide overhanging eaves.
CHARACTER OF WORKS:
strong eastern influences
use of natural materials like bricks, stone and wood
use of textured concrete
designs that blend well in its environment
focused more on residential designs
Frank Lloyd Wright, ROBIE HOUSE,
Illinois, 1909
Frank Lloyd Wright,
KAUFMANN HOUSE or THE FALLING WATER,
Bear Run, Pennsylvania, 1937
Frank Lloyd Wright,
GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM,
New York, 1956-59
Louis Kahn
(1901- 1974)