Culture & Lifestyle of

Filipino People during

Spanish Period
Prepared by: James Robert Villacorteza
A. Society C. Economic
Mode of Life
Dressing Agriculture
Social Classes Livestock
Houses Trade

B. Religion D. Culture
Languages
Religious
Music and Dance
Beliefs
Art
Society
SocialClasses

Peninsulares - Full-blooded Spanish

living in the Philippines and born in Spain.
Insulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in
the Philippines and born in the Philippines
as well.
Ilustrados (The Enlightened Ones) -
Wealthy group of individuals born in the
Philippines and were able to study abroad.
Chinese/Spanish Mestizos - People with
mixed racial origins and economically
sufficient.
 Indio - Native/Full-blooded Filipinos.
Sangley - Full-blooded Chinese living in
the Philippines.
Naturales - brown-skinned Christianized
native Malays of the lowland and coastal
towns.
salvajesorinfieles - savages or infidels.
remontados - those who refused to live in
towns and took to the hills.
tulisanes(bandits) - all of whom were
considered to live outside the social order.
SocialPyram id

Peninsulares/
Insulares

Ilustrados

Chinese/Spanish Mestizos

Indio/Sangley
M ode ofD ressing

The elegant and luxurious clothing and

accoutrements worn by the upper and middle
classes reflect the prosperity they enjoyed in
the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Adapting features of both European and
indigenous clothing, elite fashion evolved into
a metropolitan style intended to convey the
education and civility of Philippine elites.
Displaying their "enlightenment" literally on
the body, they performed for the world a
refinement which they believed made them
worthy of equality.
Ilustrados

Illumination
and Illusion
La india elegante
y el negrito
amante
Piaand Other Luxury
Fabrications

During the nineteenth

century,las islas filipinaswere
internationally renowned for the
production of garments made
ofpia,that most transparent of
fabricsdecorated with
exquisite open-cutwork
embroiderywoven only in the
Philippines from the leaf fibers of
the pineapple plant.
Maria Clara

Costume as
Nation
Baro't saya
Houses
CO LO N IAL SPAN ISH

In this era, the nipa hut orBahay Kubogave

way to the BAHAY NA BATO(stone house)
and became the typical house of noble
Filipinos. The Bahay na Bato followed the
nipa hut's arrangements such as open
ventilation and elevated apartments. The
most obvious difference between the two
houses would be the materials that was
used to build them. The Bahay na Bato was
constructed out of brick and stone rather
than the traditional bamboo materials.
N IPA H U T
Thenipa hutalso known asbahay kubo, is
an indigenous house used in thePhilippines.
The native house has traditionally been
constructed withbambootied together and
covered with a thatched roof
usingnipa/anahawleaves.
A nipa hut is an icon of Philippine culture as it
represents the Filipino value ofBAYANIHAN,
which refers to a spirit of communal unity or
effort to achieve a particular objective
Buildings that w ere built
during colonialSpanish
BAH AY N A BATO

TheBahay Na Bato, the Colonian

Filipino House, is a mixture of native
Filipino, Spanish and Chinese
influences. InVigan,Ilocos Sur,
excellently preserved examples of
the houses of the noble Filipinos can
be admired. InTaal, Batangas, the
main street is still ligned with
examples of the traditional Filipino
FO RT SAN TIAG O

Fort Santiago (Fuerza de Santiago) is a defense

fortress built for Spanishconquistador,Miguel
Lpez de Legazpi. The fort is part of the structures
of the walled city ofIntramuros, in
Manila,Philippines.
The location of Fort Santiago was also once the
site of thepalaceandkingdomofRajah Suliman,
chieftain of Manila of pre-Spanish era. It was
destroyed by theconquistadorsupon arriving in
1570, encountering several bloody battles with
theMuslimsandnative Tagalogs.
TheSpaniardsdestroyed the native settlements
and erected Fuerza de Santiago in 1571.
The front
entrance of
Fuerza de
Santiago in
Intramuros,
towering 40
metres high.
IN TRAM U RO S

Intramuros, located along the southern

bank of the Pasig River, was built by the
Spaniards in the 16th century and is the
oldest district of the city of Manila. Its
name, taken from the Latin, intra muros,
literally "Within the walls", meaning within
the wall enclosure of the city/fortress, also
describes its structure as it is surrounded
by thick, high walls and moats. During the
Spanish colonial period, Intramuros was
considered Manila itself.
 PACO PARK
Paco Park was once a cemetery during the
Spanish period and was constructed in the late
18th century and was used to inter victims of the
cholera epidemic which ravagedManila in1822.
The cemetery stopped interment and burial in
1912 (dont know why) and in 1966 it was
converted into anational park.. This beautiful
chapel was built inside the walls of the Paco Park
and it was dedicated to St. Pancratius.
The cemetery is circular in shape with an
inner circular fort that was the original
cemetery and with the niches (three level
of built-in-vaults) that were placed or
located within the hollow walls. Originally
the niches cost Php 20 for a 3-year
renewable lease (no one was allowed to
own the niches). The remains of our
national hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal, was interred
here after his execution at Bagumbayan
(now Rizal Park) on December 30, 1896.
SAN AG U STIN CH U RCH

This is aRoman Catholicchurch under

the auspices ofThe Order of St.
Augustine, located inside the historic
walled city ofIntramurosinManila.
Completed by 1607,it is the oldest
church still standing in
thePhilippines.No other surviving
building in the Philippines has been
claimed to pre-date San Agustin Church.
 Emilio Aguinaldo's house in Kawit,
Cavite, renovations designed by
Aguinaldo himself, the first President of
CAPE BO JEAD O R LIG H TH O U SE

Cape Bojeador Lighthouse, also known

asBurgos Lighthouse, is acultural
heritagestructure inBurgos,Ilocos Norte, that
was established during theSpanish
Colonialperiod in the Philippines. It was first lit on
March 30, 1892 and is set high on Vigia de
Nagparitan Hill overlooking the scenic Cape
Bojeador where earlygalleonsused to sail by.
After over 100 years, it still functions as a
welcoming beacon to the international ships that
enter the Philippine Archipelago from the north
and guide them safely away from the rocky coast
of the town.
Excavation ofthe Buried Building
 To conclude its three-year
archaeological excavation of
Spanish-era stone house ruins in San
Juan, Batangas, the University of the
Philippines-Diliman Archaeological
Studies Program (UP-ASP) conducted
a rigorous archaeological excavation
of the second of two Spanish-era
stone house ruins located in
Barangay Pinagbayanan in San Juan,
Batangas.
 With a 16-member excavation team composed of graduate
students, senior volunteers, and spearheaded by Dr. Grace
Barretto-Tesoro from the UP-ASP, four trenches initially
uncovered Structure Bs foundations, until finally exposing
the entirety of its boundaries.
Religion
 When the Spaniards came they
introduces to us the Christianity
where in the Filipino should be
baptize and be converted unto
Christians. All of their ancient beliefs
was changed.
 Roman Catholicism
Roman Catholicism is the predominant
religion and the largest Christian
denomination, with estimates of
approximately 80% of the population
belonging to this faith in the Philippines.[9]
The country has a significant Spanish
Catholic tradition, and Spanish style
Catholicism is embedded in the culture,
which was acquired frompriestsorfriars.
 The Catholic Church has great
influence on Philippine society and
politics.

The church is also dominating the

people.

They are also the one who made

possible the different old churches in
the entire country.
Economic Life
 Agriculture
 Livestock

They raised their flocks, pigs,

cows, and other source of meat
foods. In order to feed their
masters and siblings.
 Trade

Tobacco monopoly
Maintaining thePhilippinesas a colony
became a challenge for the
Spanish Empire. Expenses incurred in
running the colony were usually paid for by
a yearly subsidy (called real situado) sent
from the Philippines' sister colony in
Mexico. This financial support from the
Spanish royal court was often insufficient,
especially with expenditures in the
Philippine colony growing each year.
 Trade in the Philippines centered around the Manila galleons, which
sailed from Acapulco on the west coast of Mexico (New Spain) with
shipments of silver bullion and minted coin that were exchanged for
return cargoes of Chinese goods, mainly silk textiles and porcelain.
There was no direct trade with Spain and little exploitation of
indigenous natural resources. Most investment was in the galleon trade.
But, as this trade thrived, another unwelcome element was introduced
sojourning Chinese entrepreneurs and service providers.
Culture
 Languages

The language spoken both Spanish

and Filipino. But other Indio using
their own dialect.
 Music and Dance

Thejota(Spanish:[xota];Valencian:[dta];[1]
Aragonese:hota[xota]orixota[iota];Asturian
:xota[ota];Galician:xota[ta]) is a genre of
music and the associated dance known throughout
Spain, most likely originating inAragon. It varies by
region, having a characteristic form in Aragon,
CataloniaCastile,Navarra,Cantabria,Asturias,
Galicia,La Rioja,MurciaandEastern Andalusia. Being
a visual representation, the jota is danced and sung
accompanied bycastanets, and the interpreters tend
to wear regional costumes. InValencia, the jota was
once danced duringintermentceremonies.
The jota tends to have a 3/
 The jota tends to have a 3/4 rhythm, although some
authors maintain that the 6/8 is better adapted to the
poetic and choreographic structure. For their
interpretation,guitars,bandurrias,lutes,dulzaina,
anddrumsare used in the Castilian style, while the
Galiciansusebagpipes, drums, andbombos.
Theatrical versions are sung and danced with regional
costumes and castanets, though such things are not
used when dancing the jota in less formal settings.
The content of the songs is quite diverse, from
patriotismtoreligionto sexual exploits. In addition to
this, the songs also have the effect of helping to
generate a sense of local identity and cohesion
Jota Dance
 Art
Art of the Philippinesis diverse. The
art includes:
Painting
Dancing
Weaving
Sculpting
Pottery
Other art forms
 Paintings
This is theSpoliarium(often misspelledSpolarium) is a painting by the
FilipinoartistJuan Luna.It took eight months to finish this award winning
masterpiece on a greatly huge canvas depicting dying gladiators.This
painting was submitted by Luna to theExposicin Nacional de Bellas
Artesin 1884 in Madrid, where it garnered the first gold medal (out of
three).
 This is a series of paintings byCarlos V. Francisco
or also known as Botong Francisco. He is known
for hismurals. These were specially commissioned
for the entrance hall of the Philippine General
Hospital in 1953. Declared a National Cultural
Treasure, these extraordinary works were displayed
on loan to the National Museum by the University
of the Philippines for restoration and preservation.
These are oil-on-canvas panels, depicting the
history and development of medicine in the
country. ( pre-colonial period, the Spanish colonial
period, the American Occupation era, and the
modern era of the 1950s.)
Weaving
Philippine weaving involves many threads being measured,
cut, and mounted on a wooden platform. The threads are
dyed and weaved on a loom.[5]
Before Spanish colonization, native Filipinos weaved using
fibers from abaca, pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth. Textiles,
clothes, rugs, and hats were weaved. Baskets were also
weaved and used as vessels of transport and storage, and for
hunting. These baskets were used to transport grain, store
food, and catching fish.[6]They also used weaving to make
just about all of the clothing that was worn.
They weaved rugs that they used for quilts and bedding. The
quality of the quilt/bedding was based on how soft, how tight
together, and the clean pattern. The patterns were usually
thick stripes with different colors and with a nice pattern.
However, during Spanish colonization, Filipinos used fabric
called nipis to weave white clothing. These were weaved with
decorative, flower designs.[6]
 Pia fiber is extracted from the leaves of the pineapple plant, Ananas comosus (Linn)
Merr. The plant, particularly the native or Red Spanish variety, has leaves that
yield excellent fibers for handweaving.
Pineapple fiber is considered to be more delicate in texture than any other
vegetable fiber. About 60 cm long, white and creamy and lustrous as silk, it easily
takes and retains dyes. Numerous tests in Brazil, Florida, India and the Philippines
have shown its exceptional resistance to salt, vapor and traction. Pineapple fiber has
also been processed into paper of remarkable thinness, smoothness and pliability.
Pottery
Traditional pot-making in certain areas of the Philippines
would use clay found near the Sibalom River. Molding
the clay required the use of wooden paddles, and the
clay had to be kept away from sunlight. [7]
Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500. [7]They used
these ceramic jars to hold the deceased. [8]
Other pottery used to hold remains of the deceased
were decorated with anthropomorphic designs. These
anthropomorphic earthenware pots date back to 5 BC. -
225 A.D and had pot covers shaped like human heads. [8]
Filipino pottery had other uses as well. During the
Neolithic period of the Philippines, pottery was made for
water vessels, plates, cups, and for many other uses. [9]
 Pottery in contemporary times
In contemporary period, utilitarian
pottery is very much a thriving
business. Local pottery especially in
the northern part of the Philippines
such as the Ilocos region survives
through the steady local purchases
of pots for various uses: as cooking
wares, containers for drinking water,
fish sauce, and other delicacies, and
Thank You!