Detection of Early Leakage in Open

Control Valve Using Acoustic Emission

Technique

Candidate:
INTAN NAJIHA BINTI MOHD SHUKRI
(G01497)
MSc in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
(Jan 2011/Part time)

Supervisor:
ASSOC. PROF. DR ROSDIAZLI BIN IBRAHIM
Co-Supervisor:
ASSOC.PROF. DR. RADZUAN RAZALI
 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM
STATEMENT

BACKGROUN
D
This study is about to identify early occurrence of
leakage in valve while the valve is in open position by
conducting an experimental work using Acoustic
Emission technique.
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
Current valve leak test conducted in industrial plant
cant identify leakage in valve at early stage .
Must wait longer for future plant shutdown to do
further inspection which this might cause the valve
that having minor leakage to become more severe or
damaged.
 RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES

1.To investigate the feasibility of AE technique in detecting early

leakage in control valve while the valve is in close and open
position.

2.To conduct an experimental work to collect AE data of defect

valve at several percentage of valve opening.

3.To analyze and extract the characteristic of AE leakage valve

signals using Statistical signal processing method.

4.To differentiate the stages of healthy and unhealthy condition

of leakage in the control valve
 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
AND
KEY PROJECT MILESTONES
Investigation of AE in
Literature review
leakage valve
Completed in

Experimental work to
semester

Develop test-rig
previous

collect data

Analyse the pattern of

Signal analysis
AE signal

Characterization of AE Comparison using Identification of

using Statistical Gaussian and Beta reliable data
analysis distribution technique

Identification of
Current healthy and
unhealthy stages
semester of leakage in open
achievement and close valve
Future work

To validate the
Conduct
data from different
analysis from
source
another data of
AE
 GANTT CHART

2010 2011-2012 June 2013-Dec2014 2015

Se No De Se No De Ja Se No De
pt Oc ve ce Fe pt Oc ve ce n Fe pt Oc ve ce Fe Se
No Activities
em to m m Jan br Au em to m m u br Au em to m m Jan bu Au pte
be be be be ua ua Ma Ap Ma Jun Jul gu be be be be ar ua Ma Ap Ma Jun Jul gu be be be be ua rar Ma Ap Ma Jun Jul gu mb
r r r r ry ry rch ril y e y st r r r r y ry rch ril y e y st r r r r ry y rch ril y e y st er

1 Research Proposal defend

2 Develop test rig to collect data

Experimental Set-Up & Data

3
Collection
Completion of data collection at
4 all defect stages and valve

percentage opening

characterization of AE signal
5
based statistical analysis
Completion of signal
6 characterization using statistical
analysis Deferment

of Study
7 Deferment of Study

8 Thesis and Journal Writing

Milestone
 MILESTONE
OBJECTIVES

1. To synthesis the AE signal measured in time-domain

and conduct frequency spectrum analysis.
2. To validate the accuracy of AE valve leakage
detection analysis by comparing the results obtained
from oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer.
 E

EXPERIMENTAL
-

RELATIONSHIP OF AE IN LEAKAGE VALVE

2. The source of AE in
valve is decay turbulence.
Flow stream convert from
turbulent to laminar when
valve is approximately 15%
open.[MISTRAS GROUP] Exponential
Growth in
Leak
AE Magnitude

(Unhealthy)

Early Leak
1. The bigger
Start
Good (Critical) the defect,
Condition the higher
(Healthy)
the AE level.
[MIDAS
SOLUTION]

15 Leak Rate % Valve Opening

% 34ml/min
 E

EXPERIMENTAL
-

Characterization of AE Signal Using Gaussian & Beta

Distribution Moment Analysis
In distribution of a random variable X, Where the density function of
the nth moment about its mean, x Gaussian distribution is given by:
can be defined as:
Xn= E[(X-x)n ]

The variance is second central

moment for a continuous variable can
be defined as below:

The skewness is the third order The Beta Distribution function is given by:
central moment which given by:

kurtosis is the fourth order central

moment which given by:
 RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Table 1: Result of Lower-Order Statistics of Spectral Moment M1 & M2 While Valve is Opened at 0, 9% and
15% of Valve Opening and Attached at Middle Body Position

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 15% of Valve Opening

[9:1000]
Moments
kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80
- - - - -
M1 Mean -80.364 -75.792
76.7828 77.2694 75.1098 75.4509 73.7567
M2 Variance 49.725 61.7005 76.622 82.4156 83.17 85.8073 102.11

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 9% of Valve Opening

[9:1000]
Moments
kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80
- - - - - -
M1 Mean -75.678
80.3195 79.0342 78.7516 79.6775 79.6125 79.5476
M2 Variance 32 39.6 61.24 66.05 65.84 65.11 81.583

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 0% of Valve Opening

[9:1000]
Moments
kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80
- - - - - - -
M1 Mean
84.0165 84.0108 83.8045 83.8219 83.5249 83.2278 81.7309
M2 Variance 0.3647 0.3826 1.0951 1.858 3.536 9.4045 32.963
 RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Table 2: Result of Higher-Order Statistics of Spectral Moment M3 & M4 While Valve is Opened at 0, 9%
and 15% of Valve Opening and Attached at Middle Body Position Using Gaussian Disitribution Function

Moments Leakage Rate ml/min AT 15% of Valve Opening

[9:1000] kHz
Gaussian 0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80

M3 Skewness- 2.0132 1.104 1.6758 1.4896 1.4487 1.4077 0.966

M4 Kurtosis 1.432 1.3974 2.1639 1.5557 1.5557 1.1667 -0.129

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 9% of Valve Opening

Moments [9:1000] kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80

M3 Skewness -1.041 1.125 1.0132 1.679 1.734 1.789 1.01

M4 Kurtosis 3.1715 3.5433 1.9995 2.6953 2.6953 2.8272 1.3129

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 0% of Valve Opening

Moments [9:1000] kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80

M3 Skewness 1.432 1.3974 2.1639 3.1925 3.2508 3.3091 2.4709

M4 Kurtosis 2.615 2.7678 5.3908 11.1025 11.1025 11.0496 5.3535

 RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Result of Higher-Order Statistics of Spectral Moment M3 & M4 While Valve is Opened at 0, 9% and 15%
of Valve Opening and Attached at Middle Body Position Using Beta Dsitribution Function

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 15% of Valve Opening

Moments [9:1000]
Beta kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80

M3 Skewness 35.15 41.08 45.6 48.73 48.86 49.3 55.46

M4 Kurtosis 23.31 31.912 39.398 45.058 45.29 46.12 58.571

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 9% of Valve Opening

[9:1000]
Moments
kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80

M3 Skewness 28.14 31.07 39.89 40.97 40.92 40.76 48.11

M4 Kurtosis 14.904 18.183 30.07 31.739 31.67 31.411 43.894

Leakage Rate ml/min AT 0% of Valve Opening

[9:1000]
Moments
kHz
0.5 12 24 32 34 41 80

M3 Skewness 2.858 2.93 4.97 6.47 8.295 14.67 28.07

M4 Kurtosis 0.153 0.161 0.462 0.785 1508 4.04 14.828

 RESULTS AND DISCUSION

Comparison Statistical Results from Gaussian Distribution & Beta

Distribution
100 at 15% of Valve Opening 100

80 80

60 60

40 40

20 20
M1(Mean) M1(Mean)
Gaussian Satistical Values 0 Beta Statistical Values 0
0.5 12 24 M2(Var) 0.5 12 24 M2(Var)

-20 M3(skew) -20 M3(skew)

M4(Kur) M4(Kur)
-40 -40

-60 -60

-80 -80

-100 -100

Leakage Rate (ml/min) Leakage Rate (ml/min)

Figure 5. Gaussian Statistical Values Vs

Figure 6. Beta Statistical Values Vs
Leakage Rate
Leakage Rate
at 15% of Valve Opening
at 15% of Valve Opening
 RANGE OF STATISTICAL VALUES AT EACH STAGES OF
VALVE LEAKAGE

Leakage Rate Healthy Critical Unhealthy

(ml/min (<17ml/min) (17-34ml/min) (>34ml/min)

<68 68-83 >83

M2 (Variance)

M3 (Skewness) <43 43-49 >49

<35 35-45 >45

M4 (Kurtosis)
 CONCLUSION

Suitable Analysis for HOS

Variance, Skewness and
Kurtosis of Beta-
Distribution
The stages of leakage in
the valve can be
differentiated at
0%,9%,and 15% of valve
PUBLICATION
THANK YOU