Compact Heat

Exchangers,
HARSHAD KANGANE.
M.E. Thermal.
Sem- II.
Agenda
What is a compact heat exchanger?
Types
Advantages and limitations
Cost of heat exchangers
Care to be taken
Environmental Aspects
Conclusion
Reference
Basic Definitions
A heat exchanger is a device built for
efficient heat transfer from one medium to
another, whether the media are separated by
a solid wall so that they never mix, or the
media are in direct contact.
What is a Compact Heat
Exchanger?
HT Area density greater than 700 m2/m3 for
gas or greater than 300 m2/m3 when operating
in liquid or two-phase streams.

Highly efficient

Reduce volume, weight and cost

Types of CHEs
Plate and frame heat exchangers: (PHE)
PHE Countercurrent.mp4
Plate and Frame Heat Exchanger
Most common type of PHE
Consists of plates and gaskets
Materials: stainless steel, titanium and non-
metallic
Operation limits:
- temperatures from -35C to 220C
- pressures up to 25 bar
- flow rate up to 5000 m3/h
Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE)
Brazed Plate Heat
Exchanger
Operates at higher pressures than gasketed
units
Materials: stainless steel, copper contained
braze
Operating limits:
From -195C to 200C
Pressures up to 30 bar
It is impossible to clean. The only way is by
applying chemicals.
Welded Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE)
Welded Plate Heat Exchanger
Plates welded together to increase pressure
and temperature limits
Materials: stainless steal and nickel based
alloys. Can be made with copper , titanium or
graphite
Operation Limits:
- temperature limits depend on the material
- can tolerate pressures in excess of 60 bar
Spiral Heat Exchanger (SHE)
Spiral HX for Liquid-Liquid.mp4
Spiral Heat Exchanger
(SHE)
Two long strips of plate wrapped to form
concentric spirals
Materials: carbon steel, stainless steel and
titanium
Operation limits:
Temperatures up to 400C (depends on
gasketed materials)
Pressures up to 25 bar
Plate Fin Heat Exchanger (PFHE)
Plate Fin Heat Exchanger
(PFHE)
High area density and handles several
streams
Materials: aluminum, corrosion and heat
resistant alloys, and stainless steel (available
in titanium)
Operation limits:
- Temperature limits depend on the material
- cryogenic temperature up to 100C
(aluminum)
- stainless steel up to 650C
- Pressures up to 100 bar for aluminum and 90
Printed-circuit heat exchangers
(PCHE)
Printed-circuit heat exchangers
(PCHE)
Flexibility of design and high strength offered
by techniques of construction
Materials: Stainless steel 316, alloys, nickel
and titanium.
The etched plates are stacked and diffusion
bonded together to make the core of Hx
Operating limits:
- temperature ranges from -200C to 900C
- pressures up to 600 bar
Compact Shell-and-Tube Heat
Exchanger

To increase surface area, this equipment

has a large number of small diameter tubes
Advantages
Improved energy efficiency
- Closer approach temperatures allows greater energy
transfer.
Smaller volume and weight
Higher efficiency
Lower cost
Multi-stream and multi-pass configurations
Tighter temperature control
Power savings
Improved safety
Limitations
Lack of industrial awareness
Companies remain aware of technology of CHE
Limited choice
Particularly for high-pressure
Conservatism in the user industries
Process industries are reluctant to adopt what they
may seen either as new technologies.
Susceptibility to fouling
Perception that small passages are likely to foul.
Expensive.
Blockages can occurs very easily.
Cost of compact heat exchangers

Compact heat exchanger tend to be cheaper

especially when their total installed cost is
considered.

In some cases the materials used to

manufacture is expensive, but when we
consider the cost of unit plus the installation,
the cost is less than equivalent shell and tube.
Cost of compact heat exchangers
Care to be taken
Fouling:
- Use of non-fouling fluids wherever possible is
of course recommended, for example clean air
or gases, light carbons and refrigerants.
- In open systems, check the possible
application of self-cleaning strainers, and the
installation of systems to dose with biocides,
scale inhibitors, etc., to control fouling.
- Use self-cleaning filter if possible
- Consider chemical cleaning. If this is
undertaken, the system must be designed to
allow the introduction and complete removal
of cleaning fluids.
Corrosion:
In some CHEs, the wall thicknesses are less
than in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, so
corrosion rates and allowances need to be
accessed carefully
Although CHEs are often made from more
corrosion-resistant materials than the shell-
and-tube units, other corrosion mechanisms
such as cracking may occur, and the
compatibility of the material with the fluids in
the CHE should be checked.
Environmental Aspects
Energy conservation and environmental
considerations are the driving forces behind
changes aimed at reducing both chemical and
thermal waste.
More efficient use of energy and raw
materials
Smaller and cheaper plant
Ability to handle high-pressure reactions
Application
Automobile
Marine
Aerospace, Aircraft
Criogenic systems
Refrigeration.

Manufacturers in the Market

Alfa Laval
Gea Ecoflex
Sondex
Swep
Tranter
Funke
Conclusion
Compact heat exchangers are available in a
wide variety of configurations to suit most
processes heat transfer requirements.
The advantages of CHEs, and associated heat
transfer enhancement techniques, extend far
beyond energy efficiency.
Lower capital cost, reduced plant size, and
increased safety are typical of the benefits
arising from the use of CHEs.
Compact heat exchangers can replace some
normal size heat exchangers bringing
advantages and performance.
References
ADVANCES IN COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS.
(n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2009, from
http://www.rtedwards.com/books/164/index.ht
ml

http://
www.chemkb.com/equipments/heat-exchangers/p
rinted-circuit-heat-exchanger-pche

http://www.alfalaval.com

http://www.wikipedia.com
Thank You