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BIODIVERSITY

AND
GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS
SUBMITTED BY
NABEEL MUHAMMED N
ROLL NO:35
ANEESALI M
ROLL No:2
ATHUL DAS PK
ROLL NO:19
CONTENTS
BIODIVERSITY
Introduction of biodiversity
The term biodiversity
Concept and types of biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots
Benefits of biodiversity
Threats to biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

What is green house effect


Green house effects
Mechanism
Green house gases
Selected green house gases
How CO2 controls Green House effect
Conclusion
References
BIODIVERSITY
Introduction of Biodiversity

The term Biodiversity was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in


1986.
The biosphere comprises of a complex collections of innumerable
organisms, known as the Biodiversity, which constitute the vital
life support for survival of human race.
Biological diversity, abbreviated as biodiversity, represent the
sum total of various life forms such as unicellular fungi, protozoa,
bacteria, and multi cellular organisms such as plants, fishes, and
mammals at various biological levels including gens, habitats,
and ecosystem .
The Term Biodiversity

BIO:LIFE
DIVERSITY:VARIET
Y
CONCEPT AND TYPES
OF BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity is the variety of life forms on earth and the essential


interdependence of all living things.
As defined in convention on Biological diversity singed at Rio De
Jenerio (Brazil) in 1992 by 154 countries, the Biodiversity defined as
the variability among living organisms from all sources including,
inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic eco-systems and the
ecological complexes of which the area part- this include diversity
with in species, between species and of ecosystem.
According to IUCN in 1998, the variety and variability of species of
their population, the variety of species of their life forms, the
diversity of the complex association with species with their
interaction and their ecological process which influences perform.
There are three types of
biodiversity
1. Diversity of Species
2. Diversity of Ecosystem
3. Diversity of Genes
BIODIVERSITY

HOTSPOTS
A region with high biodiversity with most of spices being Endemic.
India have two Biodiversity Hotspots- East Himalayan Region and
Western Ghat.
25 major hotspots together represent 1.4 % of the earth's land
area, they contain 44% of all plant species and 35% of all
terrestrial vertebrate species in the world.
No of Hotspots in India-3
1. Indo-Burma ( earlier Eastern Himalayas )
2. Western Ghats and Sri Lanka.
3. Himalayas. (Newly added)
BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY
Consumptive value:
Food/Drink
Fuel
Medicine
Batter crop varieties
Industrial Material
Non-Consumptive Value:
Recreation
Education and Research
Traditional value
THREATS TO
BIODIVERSITY
Natural causes:
Narrow geographical area
Low population
Low breeding rate
Natural disasters
Anthropogenic causes:
Pollution Agriculture
Habitat modification
Hunting Domino effect
Overexploitation of selected
species
Global warming and
climate change
Innovation by exotic species
Conservation of Biodiversity

Biodiversity inventories
Conserving Biodiversity in protected Habitats-
In situ conservation
Ex situ conservation
Seed Bank, Gene Bank, Pollen Bank, DNA Bank
Restoration of Biodiversity
Imparting Environmental Education
Enacting, strengthening and enforcing Environmental Legislation
Population Control
Reviewing the agriculture practice
Controlling Urbanization
Conservation through Biotechnology
Biodiversity
Conservation

In situ Ex situ

Sacred Biosphere National Sacred plant


groves Reserves parks, home garden
and wildlife
lakes sanctuaries

Terrestrial Seed Bank,


Gene bank,
Cryopreservati
on
Marine

Botanical garden,
Zoological
garden, Aquaria
BIODIVERSITY
AND
Green house Effect
GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS
What is Green House
In the cold countries, vegetables and essential crops are
produced in glass house which can hold the heat from
sunlight and the atmosphere inside the glass house
remains hot at night. This house is called green house.
Green House Effects
Earths atmosphere is slightly warmer than what it should be
due to direct solar heating because of a mild case of Green
House Effect.
The ground is heated by visible and (some) infrared light
from the Sun.
The heated surface emits infrared light.
The majority of Earths atmosphere (N2 and O2) are not
good greenhouse gas.
The small amount of greenhouse gases (H 2O, CO2) traps
(absorb and re-emit) the infrared radiation, increasing the
temperature of the atmosphere
Mechanism
1. Shorter, high energy
wavelengths hit the
earths surface.

2. Incoming energy is
converted to heat.
3. Longer, infrared wavelengths
hit Greenhouse gas molecules in
the atmosphere.

4. Greenhouse gas molecules in


the atmosphere emit infrared
radiation back towards earth.
Green House Gases
Selected Green House Gases
Carbon Dioxide
Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation .
Anthropogenic increase: 30%
Average atmospheric residence time: 500 years
Methane
Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from
landfills, mining .
Anthropogenic increase: 145%
Average atmospheric residence time: 7-10 years
Nitrous oxide
Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers)
Anthropogenic increase: 15%
How CO2
controls Green House effect
Carbonate minerals form in the oceans at a higher rate.
The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas increases, pulling CO2 out of the
atmosphere.
The reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to a weakened greenhouse
effect that counteracts the initial warming and cools the planet back down.
If earth cools a bit, Carbonate minerals form more slowly in the oceans.
The rate at which the oceans dissolve CO2 gas decreases, allowing the CO2
released by volcanism to build back up in the atmosphere.
The increased CO2 concentration strengthens the greenhouse effect and warms
the planet back up.
CONCLUSION

In short, biodiversity is the variety of plant and


animal life in the world or in a particular
habitat, a high level of which is usually
considered to be important and desirable and
the greenhouse effectis a natural process
that warms the Earth's surface. When the
Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere,
some of it is reflected back to space and the
rest is absorbed and re-radiated
bygreenhousegases.
References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity
http://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/biodiversity
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodiversity/l-3/1-define-biodivers
ity.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect
https://
www3.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/basics/today/greenhouse-ef
fect.html
https://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_3_1.htm
http://www.livescience.com/37743-greenhouse-effect.html

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