Measures of

Other Location
Percentiles, Deciles,
Quartiles
 Measures of Location or Fractiles

-values below which a specified

fraction or percentage of the
observations in a given set must fall.
 Percentiles
Percentiles are values that divide
a set of observations in an array
into 100 equal parts.
 Percentiles
Sort all observations in ascending order
Compute the position L = (K/100) * N,
where N is the total number of
observations.
If L is a whole number, the K-th percentile is
the value midway between the L-th value
and the next one.
If L is not a whole number, change it by
rounding up to the nearest integer. The
value at that position is the K-th percentile.
 Deciles
values that divide the array into
10 equal parts

D1 - the value below which 10% of

the values fall
D2 - the value below which 20% of
the values fall

 Deciles
Sort all observations in ascending order
Compute the position L = (K/10) * N, where
N is the total number of observations.
If L is a whole number, the K-th decile is
the value midway between the L-th value
and the next one.
If L is not a whole number, change it by
rounding up to the nearest integer. The
value at that position is the K-th decile.
 Quartiles
values that divide the array into
4 equal parts.

Q1 the value below which 25% of the

values fall
Q2 the value below which 50% of the
values fall
Q3 - the value below which 75% of the
values fall
 To compute for Lower
Quartiles
Sort all observations in ascending order
Compute the position L1 = 0.25 * N, where
N is the total number of observations.
If L1 is a whole number, the lower quartile
is midway between the L1-th value and the
next one.
If L1 is not a whole number, change it by
rounding up to the nearest integer. The
value at that position is the lower quartile.
 To compute for Upper
Quartile
Sort all observations in ascending order
Compute the position L3 = 0.75 * N, where
N is the total number of observations.
If L3 is a whole number, the upper quartile
is midway between the L3-th value and the
next one.
If L3 is not a whole number, change it by
rounding up to the nearest integer. The
value at that position is the upper quartile.
 Example
The surveyed weights (in
kilograms) of the students in Stat
231 were the following: 69, 70, 75,
66, 83, 88, 66, 63, 61, 68, 73, 57,
52, 58, and 77. Compute
1.) P23 5.) Q3
2.) P85 6.) Q1
3.) D30
4.) D90
 Approximating the ith
Percentile from the FDT

+c

where

=the lower class boundary of the Pith class
c = the class size of the Pith class
n = the total number of observations in the
distribution
=the <cf of the class preceding the Pith
class