Animal Body

Systems
Objectives(At the end of this lecture you should be able to):
Summarize the functions of the digestive, respiratory,
circulatory, nervous, skeletal and excretory systems.
Compare a gastro vascular cavity with a one-way digestive
system.
Differentiate open from closed circulatory systems.
Distinguish asexual from sexual reproduction.
Body Systems are
specialized to carry out
different tasks
Simple animals like
sponges carry out the
many tasks of living with
little specialization in the
cells of their body.
More complex animals
have evolved tissues
and organs that are
specialized to perform
specific functions.
Body Systems are
specialized to carry out
different tasks
Seven important functions of these
tissues and organs are :
Digestion
Respiration
Circulation
Conduction of nerve impulses
Support
Excretion
Reproduction
 Digestion
Purpose: Obtain energy &
nutrients
Sponges digest their food with
their body cells
Simple animals, such as
flatworms, have a gastro
vascular cavity: a digestive
cavity with only one opening.
More complex animals, like us,
have a digestive tract with two
openings: mouth and anus.
Respiration
Purpose: Exchange oxygen and
carbon dioxide gases
Can only take place across a
moist surface.
In simple animals like jellyfish
gasses are exchanged directly
with their environment through
diffusion.
More complex animals have
specialized respiratory
structures like gills or lungs.
 Circulation
Purpose: Transport oxygen and
nutrients to the other parts of the
body
There are 2 types of circulatory
systems:
Open: heart pumps fluid containing OPEN:

oxygen through a series of vessels &

is dumped into the body cavity. CLOSED:
Closed: heart pumps blood through a
system of blood vessels. The blood
stays in the vessels the whole time.
Conduction of
nerve impulses
Purpose: Coordinate the
activities in an animals body
and allow animal to sense
and respond to environment.
Simple animals, like hydra,
have little coordination
among their nerve cells.
Complex animals, like
grasshoppers, have nerve
cords/ganglia & a brain.
Support: Skeletal
Purpose: Provide a framework
that supports the body.
Many soft-bodied invertebrates
have a hydrostatic skeleton made
of water like a filled water
balloon.
Other invertebrates, such as
insects & crabs, have an
exoskeleton: a rigid external
skeleton.
Complex animals, like dogs, have
an endoskeleton: hard material
such as bone embedded within
the animal.
 Excretion
Purpose: Removal of wastes
from cellular metabolism
(CO2, ammonia, etc.)
Simple aquatic invertebrates
& some fishes pass it
through their skin/gills by
diffusion.
More complex animals have
specialized excretory
structures like kidneys.
 Reproduction
Purpose: produce offspring to
ensure that the species
survives
Two types of reproduction:
Asexual: does not involve fusion
of two gametes.
EX: A sponge can reproduce by
fragmenting its body. Sea
anemones pull apart into 2
individuals
Sexual: a new individual is
formed by the union of a male
and female gamete.
EX: egg + sperm = fertilization =
blastula
Is this sexual or asexual
reproduction?
Fun & Funky Fact:
Sea horse
reproduction Pregnant sea horse
fathers give birth.
A female sea horse
inserts her eggs into a
pouch on the males
abdomen, where they
are fertilized. The
male incubates the
eggs until they are
fully developed and
then gives birth to tiny
sea horses.
Fertilization
There are two types of
fertilization:
External: occurs outside the body
EX: Most aquatic animals simply
release the male and female gametes
near one another in the water, where
fertilization occurs..think opening
scene of Finding Nemo.they were
outside the mom.
Internal: occurs inside the females
body
EX: Animals that live on land dont
have water so the gametes would dry
out. Internal fertilization allows it to
take place in a moist environment.
Objectives
(At the end of this lecture you should be able to):
Summarize the functions of the digestive,
respiratory, circulatory, nervous, skeletal and
excretory systems.
Compare a gastro vascular cavity with a one-
way digestive system.
Differentiate open from closed circulatory
systems.
Distinguish asexual from sexual reproduction.
Quick Test
Which two body systems in most
animals are involved in taking up
oxygen from the environment and
transporting oxygen to body cells?
a) Digestive & Respiratory
b) Respiratory & Circulatory
c) Circulatory & Nervous
d) Nervous & Excretory
The correct answer is:

B
Todays classwork:
Directed Reading Worksheet
(page 5)
Use your notes &/or Chapter 27,
Section 2 to complete this in full
sentences.
This is an independent assignment &
Is due before you leave
Test #1 Part 1
Part 1