TYPHOON

Causes and mechanisms,

impacts and effects, and
Mitigation
 What is Typhoon?
Tropical Cyclonesthat develops in the
north-western part of thePacific Ocean
between180and100E.
In the Philippines, tropical cyclones
(typhoons) are called bagyo. The term
bagyo, a Filipino word meaning typhoon
arose after a 1911 storm in the city of
Baguio had a record rainfall of 46 inches
within a 24-hour period..
Typhoons are categorized into five:
Category 1 - Tropical Depression
-sustains winds between 119 and 153
km/hour (km/h). It is the first notable stage in
the formation of a hurricane.(Morakot)
Category 2 - Tropical Storm (TS)
- has winds between 154 and 177 km/h.
-a tropical storm is a system of intense
thunderstorms that progressively intensifies.
Category 3 - Strong Typhoon
-A strong typhoon is a system of low
pressure and intense winds (between 178 and
209 km/h).(Maemi-South Korea)
 Category 4 - Intense Typhoon (or
Hurricane)
-An intense typhoon sustains high
winds of 210 to 249 km/h and is classified
as a category-5 storm, which carries the
highest element of risk.
Category 5 - Violent Typhoon
-A violent typhoon is characterized by
winds exceeding 249 km/h.
 Variability in Activity
On an annual time scale, activity
reaches a minimum in February,
before increasing steadily
through June, and spiking from
July through October, with
September being the most active
month for tropical cyclones in the
Philippines. Activity falls off
significantly in November.
 List of Philippine Typhoon
(1970-2011)
Name Period Deaths Damage Highest Areas most
of (in wind affected
occurre billion) speed in
nce kph
Sening October 768 10.7 280 Bicol
(Joan) 11- region,calabar
15,1970 zon
Herming August 94 39.9 260 Samar, Bicol
(betty) o7-14, Region
1987
Ruping Novemb 748 18.2 285 Cebu C
(Mike) er 10-14,
1990
Harurot July 13- 64 3.87 240 Cagayan
(Imbudo) 24,2003 Valley,CARIloc
os region
Unding Novemb 69 3.87 240 Bicol Region,
 Milenyo (Xangsane)-2006
Frank (Fengshen) 2008
Ondoy (Ketsana) 2009
Bebeng (Aere) 2011
Ambo (Mawar) 2012
 These are the ff. typhoons hits in the
Philippines (2012)
AMBO JULIAN
BUTCHOY
KAREN
COSME
DINDO LAWIN
ENTENG MARCE
FRANK
NINA
GENER
HELEN OFEL
IGME PABLO
SIONY
QUINTA
TONYO
YOYONG ROLLY
ZOSIMO ULYSSES
VICKY
WARREN
CAUSES OF TYPHOON
TRANSFORMATION
Pre-conditions and
Conditions of Typhoons
 PRE-CONDITIONS OF
TYPHOON FORMATION

MONSOON
TROUGH
This is an extension of
the Inter- Tropical
Convergence Zone
where cyclonic spin
has developed. The
ITCZ is a trough is a
low pressure created
by the convergence of
the northeast and
southeast trade
winds.
TROPICAL
UPPER
TROPOSPHERI
C TROUGH
The typical
low pressure
center that
forms a typhoon
starts at the
lower levels and
is warm
compared to its
environment.
FRONT
Stall over tropical
water.
A front has a
cyclonic spin
associated with it.
If winds aloft
become favorable
with little wind
shear, showers
and storms could
become more
numerous and
cause a typhoon
to form.
MESOSCALE
CONVECTIVE
SYSTEM
These organized
clusters of storms
can move off a
continental
landmass and drift
over warm waters. If
they already contain
a small vortex in the
cluster, this may
make to region even
more favorable for
tropical cyclone
development.
 7 BASINS WHERE TROPICAL CYCLONE
DEVELOPS
NORTH ATLANTIC EASTERN NORTH
OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN
June 1- November 30. May 15 - November
The most active 30. This is the second
period runs from most active region for
about mid August tropical cyclones in
through the latter part the world. These
of October. storms mostly move
( Caribbean, Bermuda, into the open eastern
Central America etc.) Pacific Ocean but can
affect western Mexico
and sometimes after
developing, Hawaii.
 ARABIAN SEA NORTHWEST
( Severe Cyclonic PACIFIC
Storm) OCEAN(Typhoon)
April 1 - December 30. All year. This is the
This basin has a double most active basin in
maximum because of the world. Most
the monsoon trough typhoons form
moving through at two between July through
different times of the
November. The tropical
year.
cyclones that form
SOUTHWEST PACIFIC here can affect the
OCEAN (STC) Philippines, Southeast
October 15 - May 1. Asia including China
These tropical cyclones and Taiwan, and Japan.
may affect eastern
Australia.
 SOUTHEAST INDEAN SOUTHWEST INDIAN
OCEAN ( STC) OCEAN ( TC)
October 15 - May. October 15 - May 15.
These tropical These tropical
cyclones may affect cyclones may affect
northern and western Madagascar and
Australia. This basin south-eastern Africa.
has a double A double maximum
maximum in mid occurs in mid January
January, and mid and mid February
February through through early March.
early March.
THE LIFE OF A TYPHOON

THE FOUR STAGES OF THE

LIFE OF A TYPHOON
FORMATIVE
STAGE

IMMATURE STAGE

MATURE STAGE

DECAYING STAGE
EFFECTS OF
TYPHOON
BUILDINGS AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
The two most destructive
forces associated with
typhoons are wind and rain.
According to the Green Fun
website, typhoon winds can
affect buildings and other
structures in two ways:
through direct force and
through projectiles. The
heavy and persistent rainfall
that typhoons bring can also
have devastating effects. In
addition to making homes
uninhabitable, the flooding
associated with typhoons
can make roads impassable,
which can cripple rescue
and aid efforts.
TREES AND VEGETATION
WATERCRAFT AND WATER
OPERATIONS
L
I
F
E
 ECONOMICAL EFFECTS
Different countries experience different types of
natural calamities. US are known for
experiencing devastating hurricanes while
Japan is prone to earthquakes and tsunamis.
The Philippines, on the other hand, has had its
fair share of typhoons and tropical storms.
Aside from Ondoy, our country has experienced
several devastating typhoons. In the table
below, we summarize some of the most
financially-damaging typhoons that our country
has dealt with
 EFFECT ON THE STOCK
MARKET
Aside from the economic effects of
typhoons and floods, we also want to
show the effect of natural disasters on
the stock market. A few days after
typhoons Milenyo and Ondoy, the PSE
Index was slightly down compared to
where it was before the typhoons
occurred. Similarly, the PSE Index is down
0.4 percent, on lethargic trading, three
days after the peak of the recent rains
and floods.
 Natural disasters can have
important implications for public
IMPACTS finance. Disasters are likely to
result in additional expenditure
and/or the partial reallocation of
already committed financial
resources, with implications for
planned investment and other
FISCAL expenditures. Public revenue may
also decline as levels of economic
IMPACTS activity fall. In consequence, a
government may face increasing
budgetary pressures which could
in turn increase levels of domestic
and/or external borrowing or
increasing the money supply,
each, in turn, with potentially
significant knock-on effects
(Benson and Clay, 2003).
M
I
T
I
G
A
T
I
O
N
 Know your enemy: POLICIES
hazards and their Suspension of Classes,
effects Work and Activities
Identifying which these during Typhoons
arethe elements most DepEd Order No. 28 series
at riskindicates of 2005: GUIDELINES ON
priorities for THE SUSPENSION OF
CLASSES WHEN
mitigation.
TYPHOONS AND OTHER
Vulnerability CALAMITIES OCCUR.
Tools, powers and DEPED Order No. 50 s.
budgets. 2007 with NDCC
Memorandum No.7 s.
PRECAUTIONARY 2006.
MEASURES Philippine Storm SIGNAL
Natural Disaster WARNINGS (PSWS)
Reduction Assessment
CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIO
N and manmade, can and
Naturaldisasters, both natural
will occur, often with little or no warning. It has
tremendous effect not only physically but also on the
mental aspect of an individual especially the younger
ones. Disasters often strike without warning and cause
damages that limit or prevent an adequate response.
We have to commit ourselves to understanding these
hazards and to applying techniques that reduce our
vulnerability. We need to explore the feasibility of
concerted scientific and engineering efforts in reducing
the loss of life and property through programs of public
education and of effective early warning system. The
development of warning systems with adequate range
of monitoring instruments for the purpose of collecting
necessary data and information for disaster evaluation
is necessary for establishing relative potential risks.
 The development of warning systems with
adequate range of monitoring instruments for
the purpose of collecting necessary data and
information for disaster evaluation is necessary
for establishing relative potential risks.
Communicate knowledge for people to be
aware and get prepared on these hazards.
Through public education, introduce
precautionary measures to have public
awareness on preparedness against these
natural hazards. Disasters are inevitable,
predictable, and expected; we must be ready to
face them. The time has come to fully develop
technology for convenient and immediate
dissemination of warning system to the public.