AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION

SYSTEM

Submitted by

JAGADEESH KUMAR
1602-14-744-005
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
COMPARATOR
MICROCONTROLLER
CONTROL UNIT
ADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
BRIEFING
Irrigation is the artificial application of water
to the land or soil.
It is used to assist in the growing of
agricultural crops, maintenance of
landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed
soils in dry areas and during periods of
inadequate rainfall.
irrigation also has a few other uses in crop
production, which include protecting plants
against frost.
TYPES OF IRRIGATIONS
Surface Irrigation

Drip Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation
PROBLEMS
OverIrrigation.
UnderIrrigation
Farm Lands & Fields situated miles away from
your home. Extensive travel required,
sometimes several times in a day to start &
stop the irrigation water pumps.
Land is more, we need more manpower.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MOISTURE SENSOR
For conversion of change in resistance to change in voltage, the sensor is
connected with a 200 k resistor in series to form a potential divider
arrangement

It gives a voltage output corresponding to the conductivity of the soil. The

conductivity of soil varies depending upon the amount of moisture present
in it. It increases with increase in the water content of the soil. The higher
the water content in the soil, the lower the electrical resistance.

The voltage output is taken from the output terminal of this circuit. The
moisture sensor is immersed into the specimen soil whose moisture
content is under test.
 COMPARATOR
For the comparator circuit, we are using IC LM 358 which has two
opamps.
We have selected two thresholds: 5 V for logic high and 3 V for logic low.
These two levels are set at the positive terminal of each opamp. The
output of the potential divider is given to the negative terminals of the
opamps.
The two opamps are arranged such that when the output of the potential
divider circuit falls below the preset value of lower opamp the lower
opamp gives logic 0 and the upper opamp gives logic 1.
When the output of potential divider circuit is in between range (5 V and
3V), then both opamps give logic 1 and when output of potential divider
circuit is above the set value of upper opamp, then the upper opamp
gives logic 0 and lower opamp gives logic 1.
The output of the comparator circuit is fed to SR Latch
COMPARATOR
S.no VOLTAGE SOIL LOGIC LOGIC OF
RANGE CONDITION OF OPAMP OPAMP2
1 (UPPER) (LOWER)
1 >5V EXCESS 0 1
WET
2 >3V & < 5V OPTIMUM 1 1

3 <3V DRY 1 0
SR LATCH

S.NO VOLTAGE SOIL S R Q

RANGE CONDITIO
N
1 >5V EXCESS 1 0 0
WET
2 >3V OPTIMUM 1 1 0
&<5V 1 1 1
3 <3V DRY 0 1 1
89s52-CONTROLLER
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory.
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz.
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.
Eight Interrupt Sources.
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel.
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes.
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode.
Watchdog Timer.
Power-off Flag.
Fast Programming Time
CONTROL UNIT
The basic operation of control unit is the
controlling solenoid by microcontroller
which is defined by particular program.
solenoid is connected with an output pin of
microcontroller via a relay circuit which is
connected with a transistor.
SOLENOID
Electromagnetic device which produces a
magnetic field when electric current passed
through it.
These are used mainly in opening and closing
of valves.
Operation of valves is done using a relay
circuit.
RELAY CIRCUIT
A relay is an electrical switch
that uses an electromagnet to
move the switch from the of
to on position instead of a
person moving the switch .
ADVANTAGES
This makes increase in productivity
Reduces water consumption
Reduces manpower
Much land will be irrigated
CONCLUSION
The Microcontroller based drip irrigation
system proves to be a real time feedback
control system which monitors and controls
all the activities of drip irrigation system
efficiently. The present proposal is a model to
modernize the agriculture industries at a mass
scale with optimum expenditure. Using this
system, one can save manpower, water to
improve production and ultimately profit.