Ultrasonic Meter

Definition
An ultrasonic flow meter is a type of flow meter that measures the
velocity of a fluid with ultrasound to calculate volume flow. Using
ultrasonic transducers, the flow meter can measure the average
velocity along the path of an emitted beam of ultrasound, by
averaging the difference in measured transit time between the pulses
of ultrasound propagating into and against the direction of the flow
or by measuring the frequency shift from the Doppler effect.
Ultrasonic flow meters are affected by the acoustic properties of the
fluid and can be impacted by temperature, density, viscosity and
suspended particulates depending on the exact flow meter. They
vary greatly in purchase price but are often inexpensive to use and
maintain because they do not use moving parts, unlike mechanical
flow meters.
 The Doppler Effect Ultrasonic Flow meter use
reflected ultrasonic sound to measure the fluid
velocity. By measuring the frequency shift
between the ultrasonic frequency source, the
receiver, and the fluid carrier, the relative motion
are measured.
The resulting frequency shift is named
theDoppler Effect.

Figure 1

Figure.1 shows Doppler effect ultrasonic Flow meter

 Ultrasonic meter input
One RS485 communication port receives a packet of data from both the
Elster Instromet Ultrasonic flow meters. This data packet contains flow rate
information, velocity of sound information and meter diagnostic information.
The RS485 communication from both flow meters is connected to serial
communication port at each flow computers. The information from these
data packets is used as the basis for the calculation of flow totals in the flow
computer. In case the flow computer did not receive a data packet from the
meter after 5 seconds, a communication error is assumed. This generates
an accountable alarm (i.e. an alarm affecting metering accuracy) and sets
the flow rate of the meter to zero. The ultrasonic meter input to the Encore
FC1 flow computer will be corrected for meter non-linearity by entering a
maximum of 20 correction points for the meter calibration curve. This is
based on the meter calibration data. The flow computer will perform an
interpretation between all entered points. A configurable low flow cut off
stops the totalization below a certain flow rate. The default value for the low
flow cut off is 2% of Qmax. The flow rate will be calculated as normal. The
low flow cut-off will inhibit all non-accountable alarms.
 Velocity of Sound
The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates
through an elastic medium. In dry air at 20 C, the speed of sound is 343 meters per second.
The block diagram of the flow computer calculations is shown on Figure.1
The speed of sound in an ideal gas depends only on its temperature and composition. The
speed has a weak dependence on frequency and pressure in ordinary air, deviating slightly
from ideal behavior.
An ultrasonic meter does not only measure gas velocity but also velocity of sound (VoS). This
velocity of sound is continuously compared against the calculated velocity of sound. The
meter VoS is compared to the calculated VoS based on physical gas properties. For this VoS
calculation the gas composition, pressure and temperature are used. The VoS reading of the
meter is compared to the reading calculated based on AGA10. The average VoS reading of the
meter is compared to the AGA10 calculation and not each individual path VoS reading versus
AGA10, the Equation of Velocity of sound check against AGA10 is:
Figure 3.1: Flow computer calculation diagram for ultrasonic meters
 Q- Sonic Plus
The new Ultrasonic meter currently
used in FAJR new stations is the Q-
sonic plus by Elster.
Fajr old Flow meters was the Q-sonic.
Equation for Spool piece Temperature and
pressure effects
Q-Sonic Plus

Ultrasonic gas meter Q.Sonicplus

Our new multipath custody transfer
standard
6-path (4 swirl + 2 axial)
Sizes 3 to 56
ANSI Class #150 to #900
Build-in p + T sensor (option)
Modular electronics
Full graphic touch screen
MID approved by NMi (Cl. 1) acc. to
OIML R137-1:2006
ATEX / IEC-Ex approved
FM / CSA approval pending
Design overview
Path Layout
Specification Overview
Parameterization and diagnostic software package
for Q.Sonicplus
Signal Analysis