Professional Documents
Culture Documents
rA 3 1 1
kA
dm mol
C A CB s
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-4
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
dC A L9-6
For the reaction A products rA
dt
For a zero-order reaction -rA = k dC A
k
dt
Plot of CA vs CA
t is a straight
line CA CA0 kt
t
For a first-order reaction - r A = k CA dC A
kC A
ln (CA0/CA) dt
Plot of ln(CA0/CA)
vs t is a straight CA0
line
ln kt
t CA
dCA
For a second-order reaction - rA = k CA2 kCA 2
dt
1/CA
Plot of 1/CA vs t 1 1
kt
is a straight line CA CA0
t
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-7
ln (t1/2)
1 1 1
t
k 1 C A 1
CA0
1
Slope = 1-
1
CA C A0 at t = t1 2
2
2 1 1 1
t1 2
k 1 CA0 1
ln CA0
Plot ln(t1/2) vs ln CA0. Get a straight 2 1 1
line with a slope of 1-
ln t1 2 ln
k 1
1 lnCA0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-8
L FA0 FAe rA W 0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-11
k1 B
A
k2 C
Desired product
2) Series reactions k1 k2
A B C
Desired product
k1 k2
4) Complex reactions A B
C D AC
E
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-12
Parallel Reactions
Purpose: maximizing the desired product in parallel reactions
ED
kD
D (desired) rD kDCA1CB 1 rD AD e RT C A1CB 1
A+B EU
kU
U (undesired) rU kUC A 2 CB 2 rU AUe RT CA 2 CB 2
E
k T AeRT Rate of disappearance of A: rA rD rU
ED EU
rA ADe RT C A1CB 1 AUe RT C A2 CB 2
Define the instantaneous rate selectivity, SD/U
ED
rate of formation of D rD AD e RT
C A 1CB1
SD U sD U EU
rate of formation of U rU A Ue RT
C A 2 CB2
ED EU
SD U
kD
kU
CA1 2 CB 1 2 SD U
AU
AD
e RT CA12 CB12
Goal: Maximize SD/U to maximize production of the desired product
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-13
CA1 2 CA1 2
Use large CA Use small CA
c) 1 2 1 2 0 d) 1 2 1 2 0
CB 1 2 CB 1 2
Use large CB Use small CB
How do these concentration requirements affect reactor selection?
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-16
% FD ND
batch Y%
Evaluated Evaluated
Y
flow D F F D
A0 A at outlet NA0 NA at tfinal
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-19
or PFR/PBR or
n
dCB
d
k1 C A0ek1 k 2CB
dCB
d
k 2CB k1 CA0e k1
Use integrating
factor (reviewed
d CBek 2 k C e k 2 k1 CB k1CA0
ek1 ek 2
1 A0 k k
on Compass) d 2 1
CC CA0 CA CB
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.
L9-21
CC CA0 CA CB
opt
The reactor V (for a given 0) and that maximizes CB occurs when dCB/dt=0
dCB k1CA0
d
k 2 k1
k1e k1
k 2 e k 2
0
1 k
opt ln 1
k1 k 2 k 2
V
so Vopt 0 opt
0
Slides courtesy of Prof M L Kraft, Chemical & Biomolecular Engr Dept, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.