Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ON
TAP HOLE
by
ABHIK CHAKRABORTY 1
LIFE OF B/F
DEPENDS LARGELY ON -
2
ROLE OF FREE SPACE IN THE
HEARTH
The free space is defined as a region developed especially in the
circumferential region in the hearth that is free from coke column
penetrating into the hearth.
The free space causes the circumferential flow in the hearth, and
the intensity of the flow is affected by the taphole length.
3
TAPHOLE LENGTH
Vs
LIFE OF B/F
4
AROUND THE TAPHOLE REGION
A large sintered mass mainly
consisted of mud injected into the
hearth and also the taphole itself
running through the mudmass.
6
HEARTH DIMENSIONS
F/C F/C F/C
1,2,3 4,5,6 7
Dh
(m) 7.2 9.1 9.75
h1
(m) 5.56
h2
(m) 3.2 3.2 3.8
7
DIMENSIONS AROUND
TAPHOLE
The raceway depth L1 depends on
1. Tuyere diameter,
2. Blast velocity,
3. Diameter of coke in the raceway
8
Prerequisites to increase the
TAPHOLE LENGTH
9
The holding space can be secured if
the bottom of the coke column is
well below the taphole level.
10
The sintering time of the injected mud in the holding
space depends on the mode of tapping operation.
11
Physical characteristics of the mud during and after
heating and/or sintering
After being injected into the hearth,
1. The mud under-goes rapid heating due to the contact with
high temperature liquids followed by crack formation
inside mud.
2. An excessive crack formation results in a fragile sintered
structure of the mud.
3. A rapid evolution large amount of volatile matter is a
cause of the bursting the mud into pieces.
Therefore, a higher stability against crack formation and
bursting during rapid heating is desirable, other properties
required are :
Physical and/or chemical adhesion of mud to the coke
particles
Less shrinkage mud during sintering for a stable sintered
structure with less cracks. 12
SHORT TAP HOLE
Insufficient amount of
mud injection into the
tap hole
Erosion of the
sintered structure of
the tap hole during a
long period
13
VARIABLES
SINGLE TAP HOLE Vs DOUBLE TAP HOLE
When only one taphole is available, the following effects occur:
2. To allow taphole clay to cure properly, the time between casts must be
extended.
14
SLAG RATIO
Timing for opening depends
on the volume of the hearth
Taphole length is increased by
decreasing the slag-layer
height in the hearth
Operating guidelines:
1. The taphole is opened when
65 percent of the hearth
capacity is filled.
2. The casting rate is about 1.4
times the instantaneous
production rate.
3. The plug-to-slag time is
critical and must be less than
100 minutes 15
.
16
REQUIRED PROPERTIES FOR
MUDGUN CLAY
17
PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION CRITERIA
GOOD DRILLABILITY
+2m in 5 minutes
CONSISTENT LENGTH +2m
NO SPITTING
NO EROSION OF T/H DURING
TAPPING
NO BLAST REDUCTION / DELAY
DUE TO OPENING OF TAPPING
BECAUSE OF BAD CLAY
18
M/G CLAY FROM POLAND
PROPERTIES: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:
SiO2 65-67[%]
Al2O3 8 - 10-[%]
Total carbon content 19 21 [%] Fe2O3 < 1-[%]
Density 2.15 2.2 Na2O + K2O < 0.5-[%]
[g/cm3]
Ignition loss 16 20 [%]
Compressive strength
after drying at 400oC/0.5h 48
[MPa] Mass expiration date
Working temperature 1650 [oC] (below 25 oC in hermetic
package)
Content C + SiC 18 20 [%]
Graining 0 3 [mm] 3 months
19
PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT
M/G CLAYS
BSP BRL BRL BRP
RESIN
APPARENT
POROSITY
34.2 30.8 31.0 25.5
(44% max)
BULK DENSITY
(1.2 min)
1.44 1.82 1.83 2.02
CCS
(52 kg/cm2)
NA NA NA NA
VM
(9 -19%)
13 10 11 9
WA
(%)
6.4 16 8.8 17
20
MUD GUN AUTOMATION
The existing mudguns to be retrofitted with an
automated temperature control system
1. The goal of this system is to maintain the clay temperature at 50C
2. When the gun is at the home position, the system will be heating the barrel and
nozzle; and when the gun is over the trough, the system will be cooling the
barrel and nozzle.
3. The system will help promote consistent plugs and contribute to the stability of
the taphole.
Linear transducers were installed
on the ram and swing cylinders
23
HAPPY TAPPING
THANK YOU
24