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Timeline
Trace the development of the Periodic Table by making a timeline
Aristotle
Newlands
Dobereiner
Meyer
Mendeleev
Moseley
The Basics
Numbered 1-7
Groups: Vertical
Columns
Numbered 1-18
The Families of Elements
Classification of the Elements
Metals
Characteristics of
metals and nonmetals
Classification of the Elements
Harder, denser, stronger, and have higher melting points than alkali
metals
All are reactive not as reactive as group 1
Alkaline Earth Metals
Filled with H
Veryreactive with
oxygen gas
He used in blimps today
much less reactive than H
Group 18: Noble Gases
Why?
Why?
Valence electrons are at higher energy levels and are not bound as
tightly to the nucleus because they are screened or shielded ( pushed
away) by other electrons in inner levels.
The Periodic Table and Atomic
Radius
Ionization energy
How does losing or gaining an electron effect the size of the atom (ion) ?
Positive ions
Positive ions are always smaller that the neutral atom. Loss of outer
shell electrons.
Negative Ions
Negative ions are always larger than the neutral atom. Gaining
electrons.
Ion size trends in periods.
Ion size increases as you move down a column for both positive and
negative ions
Electronegativity: the
ability of an atom in a bond
to pull on the electron. (Linus
Pauling)
Electronegativity
When the atoms are the same they pull on the electrons equally.
Example, H-H.
When the atoms are different, the atoms pull on the electrons
unevenly. Example, HCl
Trends in Electronegativity