MAJOR PROJECT

PRESENTATION

Heart Beat Monitor

Submitted By:
Sushil Kumar Mishra (05311502809)
BVCOE, New Delhi-63

BHARATI VIDHYAPEETHS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

A-4, PASCHIM VIHAR, ROHTAK ROAD, NEW DELHI- 110063
AFFILIATED TO
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI-1100006
1 (2009-2013)
 Heart beat monitor
Aheartratemonitorisa
personalmonitoring
devicewhichallowsone
tomeasurehisorher
heartrateinrealtimeor
recordtheheartratefor
laterstudy.Itislargely
usedbyperformersof
varioustypesofphysical
exercise.

Widelyusedinhospitals
forcheckingthehealthof
Fig. 1 Wrist band for calculating heart patient(s)
beat

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 Why Monitoring?
Morethan2millionpeopleareathighriskof
havingheartattack.
Itwouldbehelpfuliftherewasawayforthese
peopletomonitortheirheart.
Sowehaveaproblem.Thatisthewayourproject
focusesonhowwecanutilizethisproblemand
findasolution.

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 Measurement of Heart rate

Stethoscope ---
inaccurate

) Electrocardiogram
costly
& not user friendly

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 Average Heart Rate
Average Heart Rate Age
140 Newborn
85 90 7 years

80 85 14 years

70 80 Adult

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 Microcontroller and why
Microcontroller not
Microprocessor?
A microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer which
containsRAM,ROM,CPU,I/Oports,ADCandother
peripherals.
IthasfixedamountofRAM,ROM,I/Oports.
It is also called embedded microcontroller because it is
designed for embedded systemsperforming specific tasks
only.
Microprocessor only has CPU , ALU, stack pointer,
programcounterandotherregisters,clocktimingcircuit.
MicroprocessordoesnothaveRAM,ROMandI/Oports
Itrequireslargespaceanditscostishigherascompared
tomicrocontroller.
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 Embedded systems
An embedded system is a
computer system designed for
specific control functions
within a larger system, often
with real-time computing
constraints.
It is embedded as part of a
complete device often
including hardware and
mechanical parts.
By contrast, a general-
purpose computer, such as a
personal computer (PC), is
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designed to be flexible and to
 What we have done? ? ?
We , in this project are measuring the heart
beat using the pulse oximetry logic.
The timer we have set for counting the
heart beat is 30s.
There is a set point we can decide, after 30
s the heartbeat would be shown on the LCD
along with a buzzer sound (if it exceeds the
set point).

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 What we have used ? ? ?
We are using an AT89S52 microcontroller
for this project
A transformer for stepping down the
voltage.
Full wave rectifier for conversion of AC to
DC.
7805 voltage regulator to give a 5v dc
voltage.
An LM324 IC which is used as three stage
trans impedance amplifier in this board.
LCD showing the heart beat
9 A buzzer which will be activated when
 Software we used ? ? ?
KEIL uVision3 IDE

SPI flash programmer

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 AT89S52

Atmel AT89S52 is a
powerful microcontroller
which provides a highly-
flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded
control applications.

It is programmable
compatible with 8051 uc.

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 Pin diagram

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13
 Top view of our project

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 Hardware
implementation
Transformer
Full wave rectifier
7805 voltage regulator
Buzzer
LM324
Potentiometer
LED + LDR used as sensor
LCD
Circuit diagram of project

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 Transformer
Centre tapped transformer.
9-0-9 v at the output.
Rating of 1A current.
It is centre tapped to have
both
-ve and +ve half cycle of AC
waveform to contribute to
direct current.
Transforming energy using
mutual induction.
TTL logic circuitry can not
work on voltage of 220v so
we are stepping down it to 9v

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 Full wave rectifier
Converting both
polarities of input ac
voltage to one of the
constant polarity at its
output dc current.
Yields a higher mean
output voltage .
Our circuitry can only
work on dc voltage.

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 LM7805-VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
It has 5V Regulated output
voltage.
Input voltage range:- 5V-18V
The voltage source in circuit
may have fluctuation and
would not give fixed output
voltage.
Pin1-input ,Pin2-ground,
Pin3-output
Heat sink is used for
dissipating heat into
surrounding air to protect
device from damage.

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 Buzzer
Abuzzerorbeeperis
anaudiosignalingdevice,which
may
bemechanical,electromechanical,
orpiezoelectric.
Typicalusesofbuzzersandbeepers
includealarmdevices,timersand
confirmationofuserinputsuchasa
mouseclickorkeystroke.

In this project , we are using for the case in which the

measured HEART BEAT RATE passes the set point.

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 LM324
This consist of four independent
high-gain frequency-compensated
operational amplifiers that are
designed specifically to operate
from a single supply over a wide
range of voltages.
Operation from split supplies also
is possible if the difference between
the two supplies is 3 V to 32 V (3 V
to 26 V for the LM2902), and VCCis
at least 1.5 V more positive than
the input common-mode voltage.
The low supply-current drain is
independent of the magnitude of
the supply voltage.

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 Uses of LM324
Applications include transducer amplifiers, dc
amplification blocks, and all the conventional
operational-amplifier circuits that now can be more
easily implemented in single-supply-voltage systems.

For example, the LM124 can be operated directly from

the standard 5-V supply that is used in digital systems
and provides the required interface electronics, without
requiring additional 15-V supplies.

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 Pulse oximetry logic
We monitor the heart beat by pulse oximetry technique.
In this project we use innovative technique to measure
the heart beat measurement. This is achieved by pulse
oximetry logic. We use this technique to get the pulse
from body and to amplify the signal and display this
data on the LCD .
The light emitted from the LEDs were transmitted
through the skin and detected by light dependent
resistor. LDR were then connected to a amplifier that
converted the current to an appropriately-enhanced
voltage signal.
Change of signal is further converted into pulse .We
count the pulses with the help of the AT89S52
microcontroller.

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 Heartbeat
measurement using
LED-LDR sensor
Finger is illuminated by red light being
emitted by red led.

When heart will expand then there will

be more blood in blood vessels as a
consequence more absorption of red
light will occur and lesser amount of
red light will fall on LDR, decrease in
resistance of LDR will be less and large
current will through LDR.

When heart will contract then there

will be no blood in blood vessels as a
consequence no absorption of red light
will occur and full amount of red light
will fall on LDR, decrease in resistance
of LDR will be large and small current
will through LDR.
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24
 Circuit diagram

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 HOW ? ? ?
Transformer steps down 220V to 9-0-9V.
Full wave rectifier converts the ac into dc.
7805 voltage regulator regulates the
voltage to 5V, which is the operating
voltage of our microcontroller.
LCD is interfaced with microcontroller.
LED - LDR sensor is used to count the
Pulses. It consists of a red LED and LDR .
Crystal (11.059MHz) is used to generate
a stable clock signal for the
microcontroller.

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 HOW ? ? ?
Pin 9 is used as the reset circuit pin.
LM 324 is used as a three stage trans
impedance amplifier.
LEDS are used to indicate the supply, and
counting of heart beat.
There is a buzzer on the board which will
be activated if the measure heart beat
exceeds set point.
Code is burnt on the controller using SPI
programmer.

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 What is happening on-board ?
Transformer is making the ac voltage 220 volt to
step down to 9-0-9 volt ac.
Full wave rectifier is rectifying that voltage to get
larger average dc voltage.
7805 is regulating the output voltage to 5v.
Sensor consist of red LED and LDR is generating
the output signal inversely proportional to
absorption of red light caused by blood.
Transimpedence amplifier is converting current
signal to voltage signal ,amplifying signal and
change in signal and also filtering the signal also.

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 Contd..
Microcontroller is counting the no of pulses
using counter T0 within 30 seconds of
timer T1. It also lets the user to set the
average pulse rate with which it will
compare and make buzzer to sound if it
found deviation.
Microcontroller is displaying the result i.e
pulse rate on LCD on which patient can see
his heart beat.

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 LED LDR sensor

LED LDR
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 LCD pictures from our
project

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 PCB back side diagram

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 Board back side photo

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 Applications
Have become a widely used training aid for
a variety of sports.
Hospitals / Dispensaries
Better and accurate method of measuring
heart beat.
At homes
A set point can help in determining whether
a person is healthy or not checking his/her
heart beat and comparing with set point.

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 Limitations
In-accuratemethodofcalculatingheartbeat.

Logicusedinverysimple.Therefore,resultsmay
varyasforasophisticatedinstrumentforthesame
purpose

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 Future
EEG, ECG and other health parameters
scope
can also be monitored.
Continuous monitoring and future
diagnosis can be performed via the same
system (TELEMEDICINE).
More than a single patient at different
places can be monitored using single
system.

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 Thank you

Any Queries ? ? ?

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