ON DEFORMED HEISENBERG

ALGEBRAS AND GRAVITYS RAINBOW

Zaid Zaz
University of Kashmir/NIT Srinagar
Supervisor
Dr. Prince Ahmed Ganai

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 Concentration
Resolution of of large
Collapse of
arbitrarily small energies in
space onto itself
distances small regions of
space

A black Hole is formed!!

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 Space cannot be resolved below a certain length scale. This
implies a minimum measurable length

How does a minimum

measurable length manifest
itself?

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 The answer to this question was provided
by Achim Kempf and others in their 1996
paper,
Hilbert space representation of
minimum length uncertainty relation

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
 A minimum non
removable
Minimum
uncertainty in
measurable length
position
measurements

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 A modification
Minimum of the
measurable uncertainty
length principle

A minimum
non
removable
uncertainty in
position
measurement
On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
s
Thus to make quantum mechanical principles consistent with a minimum measurable length the
uncertainty principle is modified.

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 Uncertainty Heisenberg
principle Algebra

A A
Modificatio Modificatio
n of the n of the
uncertainty Heisenberg
principle Algebra.

Now in somewhat vague terms we may state that,

Heisenberg algebra can be regarded as some kind of a Lie algebraic structure in terms of conjugate
variables (Here Positions and momenta) therefore,

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 Changes the form of the operators
Any modification of the commutator in a particular basis.
algebra of the operators

More precisely if we are working in a position basis, the representation of the momentum
operator will change because of the modification of the commutation relations, Which
means, a modified commutation relation can be written as,

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 A fundamental limit Existence of a
minimum
to the resolution of measurable length
distances scale

Introduction of a Modification of the

minimum length uncertainty
uncertainty principle

Modification of the Modification

commutation of quantum
relations
(Heisenberg
mechanical
Algebra)/ operator Hamiltonian
structure s

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
 This isnt quite the end of the story..

Towards the last decade of the last century, the idea of modified energy momentum
relations of the form,

gained a lot of importance,

These modified Energy momentum dispersion relations are very intimately related to the
idea of a fundamental quantum description of gravity.

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz


Lorentz invariance ad Lorentz invariance is broken by
relativity of inertial frames the existence of a preferred
is maintained exactly frame
The fundamental matter Modifies EM dispersion
degrees of freedom relation in the form as
become non point like given previously
E.g. String theory However ruled out by
observations
On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
Relativity of inertial frames is
maintained and fundamental
matter degrees of freedom are
point like
Now, the transformation
laws achieve a non linear
structure
This produces a whole new
class of MDR
The Planck energy
achieves a special status.
Planck energy now plays a role of separating the classical description of spacetime from a
fully quantum mechanical description.

NOW Doubly
Special special
relativity relativity

Transformatio Transformatio
n laws are n laws are
linear non linear

No upper limit Upper limit to

to momentum momentum
On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
We now have at hand a minimum measurable length and a maximum measurable momentum.
Now the question that needs to be asked is the following,

Is there a way to make a maximum measurable momentum and a minimum measurable

length consistent with each other?

A reasonable guess would be to say that one of the ways of achieving this end would be to
postulate another form of deformation of the Heisenberg algebra.

This was done by Ahmed Farag Ali and others

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
They proposed an algebra linear in momentum up to first order

This corresponds to the following modification of the commutation relation

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

Where,

Satisfy,

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

The Schrodinger equation for a particle in a box can now be written as

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 The most interesting result

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

A generalization of this idea now reveals that lengths volumes and areas are all
quantized.

This modification has been applied to many interesting physical systems and whole
new phenomenological models have been devised such as Tunneling currents in
scanning tunneling microscopes.

The next question we would now like to ask, what is the most
general form of this deformation of the momentum operator or
the Heisenberg Algebra?

A straightforward answer to this question would be a

deformation of the following form

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
 Non locality;
Consider ordinary differential equations, they can be solved by the knowledge of boundary
Conditions or by the knowledge of certain initial values, that is only a specific local information is
Required to solve those equations,

However, for differential equations involving fractional derivatives local information does not suffice
A continuous set of conditions might sometimes be required,

Recently many Nuclear Physics experiments were reported in Physical review, which necessitated
Introduction of non-local terms,

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
 The modified Schrodinger equation in this formalism can be written as,

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

 Now, when we do a particle in a box problem with this, we get a very
strange result,

Length is quantized in units of Energy..

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
 Work in progress,

Linking the most general form of deformation of the Heisenberg Algebra

to Gravitys Rainbow formally,
To be able to find an energy dependent gravitational field.

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz

On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz
 References:

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On Deformed Heisenberg algebras and Gravity's Rainbow Zaid Zaz