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UMTS Presentation

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 1


UMTS presentation

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System

From 2G to 3G
Services and Applications
UMTS architecture
UMTS basic principles
Alcatel Solution
...

Annex
Abbreviations and Acronyms

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 2


From 2G to 3G

2G limitations / 3G requirements
2G to 3G Evolution
IMT-2000
3GPP

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 3


From 2G to 3G
2G limitations / 3G requirements

2G limitations
Data transmission limited:

Rate 9.6Kbps

Short Message Service

Circuit-Switching (before GPRS)

Not adapted for new services such as video streaming

Large number of 2G systems => lack of Compatibility


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From 2G to 3G
2G limitations / 3G requirements

3G requirements
Higher Data transmission rates:
Full coverage and mobility with 144kbps , preferably 384Kbps
Limited coverage and mobility with 2Mbps

Better Spectrum Efficiency

Flexibility to introduce new services

World-Wide roaming

Single system for cellular, satellite, office, residential environment

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 5


From 2G to 3G
2G to 3G Evolution

2G services 3G services
GPRS UMTS UMTS
Up to 160Kbps Up to 2Mbps Up to 2Mbps
Internet services Internet Multimedia
R97/98/99 (GSM) services VoiP
GSM
R99 (3GPP) R5 (3GPP)

E-GPRS GERAN
Up to 384Kbps Multimedia
Internet services VoiP
R99 (GSM) R4/R5 (3GPP)

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From 2G to 3G
2G to 3G Evolution: GPRS

Voice MSC/VLR
Data

ISDN

BSS with
PCU
GSM+GPRS
HLR
SGSN

GGSN
GPRS Internet
GPRS Backbone
Mobile

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From 2G to 3G
2G to 3G Evolution: EDGE

EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution

EDGE is based on current GSM technology


Enhancement of Packet & Circuit Switched Data
technologies
Packet (E-GPRS) & Circuit (E-CSD) operation modes
EDGE relies on a new radio modulation
8-PSK: 8-Phase modulation
EDGE allows higher speed for data services
Up to 473Kbps for packet services (8 time slots x 59Kbps)

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From 2G to 3G
2G to 3G Evolution: EDGE

2 solutions:
E-GPRS: Enhanced GPRS

A 2.5G technology, specified by ETSI for GSM Phase 2+ networks


E-GPRS is a natural evolution of GPRS, increasing capacity
Keeping 2 planes:
- One for speech
- One for data

(G)ERAN: (GSM) EDGE Radio Access Network

A 3G technology
All-IP solution keeping only the data plane

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 9


From 2G to 3G
2G to 3G Evolution: EDGE

(G)ERAN

BSC/PCU

GSM
IP

Network
EDGE
GSM Gateway Core
Network

EDGE
GSM

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 10


From 2G to 3G
IMT-2000

China :

GSM
US & Canada : (87%)
Western Europe: UMTS CDMA
(13%)
CDM
GSM A
GSM
EDG
(12%) (100%) 2000
CDMA UMTS
E (49%)
CDM TDMA Japan:
A (39%)
EDG
2000 E PDC
(64%) CDMA
UMTS
(36%)
Rest of the World : CDM
A
GSM 2000
(41%) CDMA UMTS
UMTS (35%) TDMA IMT-2000
1999 Market
CDM
EDG
(24%)
Share:
A UMTS
E GSM 48
CDM%
2000
UMTS EDG
CDMA 28A%
E
TDMA 15 %
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 PDC
2000
9% Page 11
From 2G to 3G
IMT-2000

Radio Standards agreed by ITU:

IMT- IMT- IMT- IMT-SC


DS
FDD-DS
MC
FDD-MC TC
TDD TDMA
CDMA 2000 EDGE

UMTS
IMT-DS, also called UMTS FDD (Wideband-CDMA)
IMT-TC, also called UMTS TDD (Wideband-CDMA+TDMA)
IMT-MC, also called CDMA2000 (Multicarrier-CDMA)
IMT-SC (UWC-136 TDMA)
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 12
From 2G to 3G
IMT-2000

4 radio accesses

UMTS CDMA UMTS EDGE


2000
FDD-DS FDD-MC TDD TDMA

GSM ANSI-41
MAP 2 core networks
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 13
From 2G to 3G
3G standardization bodies

Several groups are working to facilitate the development


of global specifications for 3G systems
Members: ETSI (Europe), T1 (USA), TTA (Korea), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CWTS (PRC)
Goal: Global specifications for UMTS networks

Members: TIA (USA), TTA (Korea), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CWTS (PRC)


Goal: Global specifications for cdma2000 networks

3G.IP Members: AT&T Wireless (USA) , BT (UK) , Omnitel (Italy) , ...


Goal: Specifications of an all-IP core network standard
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 14
From 2G to 3G
3GPP

Contents of 3GPP recommendations: 3GPP series (1)


21: Requirements specifications
22: Service aspects
23: Technical realization
24: Signaling Protocols (UE - CN Network)
25: UTRA aspects
26: Codecs (speech, video )

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 15


From 2G to 3G
3GPP

Contents of 3GPP recommendations: 3GPP series (2)


27: Data
28: reserved for future use
29: Signaling Protocols (NSS)
30: Programme Management
31: User Identity Module
32: Operation and Maintenance
33: Security Aspects
34: Test Specifications
35: Algorithms

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 16


From 2G to 3G
Exercise

1) List the features of the 2 EDGE solutions that can be


implemented (2.5 G and 3G).

2) What is (are) the standardization group(s) responsible


for UMTS specification ?

3) What is the maximum rate supposed to be reached


with GPRS ? with EDGE ? with UMTS ?

4) What are the benefits of UMTS networks compared to


GSM networks ?

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Services and Applications
Typology
QOS classes
VHE concept
W@P
User Equipment

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Services and Applications
Typology

Always-on Media M-Commerce


applications applications applications

Communicating Infotainment Purchasing

Users/Machines Service Provider Merchant

Mobile phone is an Mobile phone is an Mobile phone is


always-on device information device a store
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Services and Applications
Typology

Always-on Media Fun


Games (Hangman, Poker, Quiz, )
Directories Screen Saver
Yellow/White Pages Ring Tone
International Directories
Mobile Office Operator Services
Horoscope
Voice (!) Biorhythm
E-mail
Agenda Music
IntraNet/InterNet Downloading of
Corporate Applications Transportatio music files or
Database Access n video clips
Flight/train News
Schedule (general/specific)
reservation International/National News Location
Vertical Local News services
Sport News Traffic Conditions
application Weather
Traffic Itineraries
Lottery Results Nearest Restaurant,
Management Finance News
Cinema, Chemist,
Automation Stock Quotes
Parking;, ATM ...
Mobile branches Exchange Rates
Health M-
Non commerce
physical Physical
on-line Banking on-line shopping
Ticketing on-line food
Auction
Gambling
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Best Price Page 20
Services and Applications
Typology

Lets take examples:


Downloading a map (50 KBytes) A 2 1/2 minutes MP3 music file
(2.4 MBytes)

GSM 42 GSM 34
s mn
GPRS 8 GPRS 7
s mn
EDGE 3
Downloading a Word document
Audio and VideoEDGE
streaming128
(500 KBytes) s
s
UMTS 0.2 UMTS 10
s
GSM 7 mn s
Streaming with all
GPRS 82 s technologies
EDGE 27 s excepted with GSM
UMTS 2 s
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 21
Services and Applications
QOS Classes

4 classes have been identified:

conversational
_ AMR speech service
+ _ Video telephony -
CS: H324
PS: H323, IETF Multimedia
architecture Data
Delay
Integrit
sensitiv streaming
y
e interactive sensitiv
_ location based services e
- _ computer games +
background
_ e-mail delivery
_ SMS ...

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 22


Services and Applications
VHE concept

The Virtual Home Environment (VHE) is a portability concept of


the 3G mobile systems:

It enables end users to bring with them their personal service


environment whilst roaming between networks

and also being independent of terminal used.

"same look and feel" wherever services are used

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Services and Applications
VHE concept

Services

Service Features
Standardised
interfaces

Service Capabilities
Bearers Mechanisms
GSM UMTS Other CAMEL MExE SAT

Networks

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Services and Applications
W@P

W@P
Allows to bring Internet information to any device
Encompass any Digital Cellular technology (CDMA/GSM/TDMA/UMTS)
W@P server bring security, E-customer care, billing facilities
A De-facto Standard with
250 full members and 350 associated members in W@P Forum

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Services and Applications
W@P

I need to know:
stock exchange info,
sport scores,
flight info, weather

Mobile Network Internet

W@P Gateway W@P Service

Role of the W@P gateway


Adaptation of the information to the
mobile
Compression of the data
Buffering of the information
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Services and Applications
W@P

W@P evolution
WAP 1.1 (mid 99): first internet services on mobile stations
WAP 1.2 Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
new architecture with WTA server (network) and WTA user agent (MS)
enhanced security, with WIM (WAP Identity Module)
Push services
WAP 1.3 (December 2000):
new protocol based on ftp and tftp for donwloading large files and
multimedia files
m-commerce and business application
WAP next generation:
Multimedia application
Convergence with W3C and IETF

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 27


Services and Applications
User Equipment

User Equipment
(UE)
Mobile UICC
Equipme Cu USIM1
nt

USIM2
GSM
acces
s
SIM

(ME)

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Services and Applications
User Equipment

Integrated Approach:
A single device is used for voice, music, to take picture, to send e-mail, ...

Strong consumer expectation for mobile multimedia


Excellent tool for vertical market applications
Operator / Manufacturer Flagship product (NTT DoCoMo)
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 29
Services and Applications
User Equipment

Distributed Approach:

Automotive / Telematics
P S Domestic
G
New interfaces

Data / IT

E-Commerce
Consumer Electronics

Image Games Audio


Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 30
Services and Applications
Exercise

1) What are the 4 QOS classes ?

2) What does VHE mean ? What is it used for ? Quote


the associated mechanisms.

3) What does UICC mean and what is its role ?

4) What does AMR stand for ?

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 31


UMTS Architecture

UTRAN
Core Network
Protocols

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UMTS Architecture
General

UMTS network is made of 2 separate parts

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)


Core Network
PSTN

Core
UTRAN Networ
k
Iu
IP
UE Network

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 33


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

UTRAN functions:

Overall system access control (admission, congestion, sys info


broadcasting)

Ciphering/deciphering

Mobility

Radio resource management and control

Broadcast / Multicast services

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 34


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

RNC: Radio Network Controller:


Control of radio resources in its
RNS domain
Node
Uu B RNC Control the UE connection
Iub Iu Service Access Point (SAP) for CN
Controlling RNC:
A role an RNC can take with
Node Iur respect to a specific set of Node
Uu B
B's.
Iub There is only one Controlling RNC
Iu for any Node B.
UE
The Controlling RNC has the overall
control of the logical resources of
Uu RNC its node B's.
Iub

Node
Node-B:
RNS
B Radio transmission
Radio Resource Management

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 35


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

Serving RNC:
RNS
Node Serving A role an RNC can take with
Uu B RNC respect to a specific
Iub Iu connection between an UE and
UTRAN.

Node Iur There is 1 Serving RNC for


Uu B
each UE that has a connection
Iub to UTRAN.
Iu

UE The Serving RNC is in charge of


Uu the radio connection between
Iub RNC
a UE and the UTRAN.
Node
RNS
B The Serving RNC terminates
the Iu for this UE
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 36
UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

Drift RNC:
RNS
Node Serving A role an RNC can take with
Uu B RNC respect to a specific
Iub Iu connection between an UE and
UTRAN.

Node
An RNC that supports the
Iur
Uu B Serving RNC with radio
resources when the connection
Iub
Iu between the UTRAN and the
UE need to use cell(s)
UE controlled by this RNC.
Uu Drift
Iub RNC One UE may have 0, 1 or more
Node
DRNC
RNS
B

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 37


UMTS Architecture
Core Network

Core Network functions:

Management of user location information


Control of network features and services
Transfer (switching and transmission) mechanisms for signalling
and for user generated information.
Communication with RANs and other CNs

The core network domain is sub-divided into:

Serving Network Domain


Home Network Domain
Transit Network Domain
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 38
UMTS Architecture
Core Network

R99 architecture: MSC/VLR: Mobile Switching Center /


Visitor Location Register
Switch and associated database for
CS-domain
3G Circuit Switched (CS) services
GMSC
MSC/VLR GMSC: Gateway MSC
Iu-CS Circuit Core
PSTN Gateway between UMTS PLMN and
Network
external CS networks
SGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node
HLR C
D Similar to MSC/VLR but for Packet
Services (PS).
Gr GGSN: Gateway GPRS Support Node
3G SGSN
Similar to GMSC but for PS Services.
Gc
HLR: Home Location Register
Iu-PS Gn 3G GGSN
IP Database for user service profiles
GPRS Networ and location (CS and/or PS)
backbone Gi k

PS-domain

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 39


UMTS Architecture
Core Network

R5 architecture:
Full-IP Network
One domain: PS with QOS
Next Generation Network Architecture (NGN)
_ 2 planes: Control (with Servers) and Transport (with Media Gateways)

SCP HLR
Control
MSC
BSS / Plane Serve Gateway
ERAN r MSC
Server
GGSN
SGSN Server
Serve ISDN
r PSTN

UTRA
N Transport Media Media IP
Plane GW GW network

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 40


UMTS Architecture
General Recap

Entities and Interfaces (R99)


CS-domain
RNS
Node
RNC 3G GMSC
Uu B
MSC/VLR
Iub Iu-CS Circuit Core
Network PSTN

Node Iur C
Uu D HLR
B
Iub
3G SGSN
Gr
UE Gc
Iu-PS Gn
Uu 3G GGSN
Iub IP
RNC GPRS Networ
Node backbone Gi k
RNS
B

PS-domain
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 41
UMTS Architecture
Protocols

UMTS Protocol Layer Model


User plane: Data
Control Plane : CM, MM, GMM, SM (3)

Non-Access Stratum

Radio Radio Iu Iu
Protocols Protocols
Protocols Protocols
(1) (1) (2) (2)

Access Stratum

UE UTRAN CN
Uu Iu

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 42


UMTS Architecture
Protocols

UMTS Protocol Layer Model

RAB RAB
NON ACCESS STRATUM

ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP

Control plane
User plane
RLC RLC
Transport Transport
MAC MAC
Layer Layer
Transport Transport
Phys Phys
Layer Layer
Uu Iub Iu
UE Node-B RNC CN

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 43


UMTS Architecture
Protocols

UMTS Protocol Layer Model

Appli

CC/MM CC/MM
NON ACCESS STRATUM

ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP

Control plane
User plane
RLC RLC
Transport Transport
MAC MAC
Layer Layer
AAL2 AAL2
Phys Phys ATM ATM
Phys Phys
Uu Iub Iu
UE Node-B RNC CN

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 44


UMTS Architecture
Protocols

Radio Resource Control (RRC):


(similar to RR in GSM)
Paging and Notification of idle mode UE
Broadcasting of System Information
Mobility of UE (measurement, HO, cell update)
Establishment / release of an RRC connection
Establishment / release of Radio Bearers
Radio Link Control (RLC):
Segmentation and re-assembly
Error correction
Padding
Flow Control
In-sequence delivery of higher layer PDU
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 45
UMTS Architecture
Protocols

Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) - (Iu interface)


(similar to BSSMAP in GSM)
Radio Access Bearer (RAB) management
Paging
SRNS Relocation
UE-CN signaling transfer
Management of overload
CN information broadcast

Radio Network Sub-System Application Part (RNSAP) - (Iur interface)


DRNC logical resource management
Traffic management on Transport Channels
Node-B Application Part (NBAP) - (Iub interface)
Node-B logical resource management
Traffic management

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 46


UMTS Architecture
Protocols

Iu-CS

Appli

CC/MM CC/MM
NON ACCESS STRATUM

ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP

P
C
SC

Control plane
3B

User plane
RLC RLC

TP
M

P
O
C
A L SC
MAC MAC

5
A
AAL2 AAL2 AAL2 AAL2
Phys Phys ATM ATM ATM ATM
Phys Phys Phys Phys
Uu Iub Iu-CS
UE Node-B RNC CN

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 47


UMTS Architecture
Protocols

Iu-PS

Appli

CC/MM CC/MM
NON ACCESS STRATUM

ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP

P
C
SC

Control plane
GTP GTP

3B

User plane
RLC RLC

TP
M

P
UDP UDP

O
C
SC
MAC MAC IP IP
AAL2 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5
Phys Phys ATM ATM ATM ATM
Phys Phys Phys Phys
Uu Iub Iu-PS
UE Node-B RNC CN

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 48


UMTS Architecture
Exercise

1) What are the functional units of the UTRAN ?


of the CN ?

2) What is a drift RNC ? And what are its functions ?

3) Can you quote the main interfaces of the whole


UMTS network ?

4) What are the different protocols planes used in the


UMTS network ? And their respective role ?

5) What do RNSAP, RANAP, NBAP mean and what are


the associated interfaces ?
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 49
UMTS Basic Principles

CDMA Principles
Radio Resources:
Frequency, Time, Power/Code
Radio Resource Management

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 50


UMTS Basic Principles
CDMA Principles

Multiple Access Technique

FDMA TDMA CDMA

Power Power Power /


Code

Tim Tim Tim


e e e

Frequency Frequenc Frequenc


y y
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 51
UMTS Basic Principles
CDMA Principles

UTRA supports two radio modes


FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) using W-CDMA
TDD (Time Division Duplex) using TD-CDMA

FDDs and TDD modes are harmonised


Many common physical parameters between FDDs and TDD
_ Channel width: 5 MHz per carrier
_ Chip rate: 3.84 Mchip/s
_ Modulation type: QPSK
_ Frame duration: 10 ms
_ Frame temporal structure (15 slots)
All modes share the same 2 GHz spectral band

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 52


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Frequency

Initial IMT-2000 core band at 2 GHz


Clear split into paired and unpaired spectrum
_ FDD mode only in paired band
_ TDD mode in either unpaired or paired bands

2110 2170 2200


FDD (DL) MSS (DL)

1900 1920 1980 2010 2025

TDD FDD (UL) MSS (UL)TDD

Extension bands
Should be located close to the core band (maybe 2.52-2.67 Ghz)
Likely to be unpaired band (TDD only compatible)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 53


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Frequency

Dual Mode Issues for FDD/TDD Operation


Terminals
Dual mode possible since many physical parameters are
harmonized
Compatibility with GSM/GPRS network is mandatory
Base stations
FDD and TDD in same site is currently under study
Expect to use different technologies in different cell layers
TDD for indoor and microcell only
FDD for macrocell only
Spectrum allocation
TDD carriers into empty uplink carriers FDD MSS
in paired spectrum
TDD MSS TDD
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 54
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Frequency

5 MHz channel
FDD mode
f1 Uplink
Code and Frequency
f2 Downlink
orthogonality

5 MHz channel
TDD mode
... Uplink and Downlink ... 15TS
Code and Time
orthogonality

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 55


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Time

FDD frame structure

10 ms
frame

0.666 ms
slot
1 2 3 ... 15

Uplink
Q
Pilot TFCI FBI TPC
I data

Downlink

TFCI Data Block 1 TPC Data Block 2 Pilot

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 56


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Time

TDD frame structure


frequency 10 ms

3.84 Mcps

time 2560*Tc

1 frame = 15 TS (10ms)
1 TS = 2560 chips
asymmetrical allocation (at least 1 TS allocated to DL or UL)
in 1 TS, up to 8 UL bursts for different users
in 1 TS, up to 16 DL bursts for one single user
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 57
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Power/Code

Spread Spectrum operation

Spread Scramble Spread


Data d Data Digital modulated
DATA signal
modulation
bits chips chips
QPSK

Channelization Scrambling
Code Code

1 2

2 steps for spreading:


Channelization operation: creating the chips bandwidth increased
Scrambling: a code is applied in order to identify the cell and the mobile

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 58


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Power/Code

Spread Spectrum operation


Spread Scramble Spread
Data d Data Digital modulated
DATA 1 3 modulation signal
bits chip chips
s QPSK
Channelization Scrambling
Code 2 Power
Code
+1
1
f
-1 T bit
Power 1/T bit

+1
2
f
-1
T chip
1/T chip
+1 Power

3
-1
f
1/T chip
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 59
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Power/Code

Spread Spectrum operation

Power Power
DS receiver
Original signal
Despreading
1 Spread signal f f

Power DS receiver Power


interference Original signal
Despreading
2 Spread signal f Spread interferencef

Power Power
DS receiver
Spread signal B Original signal A
Despreading
3 Spread signal A f Spread signal B f

Interference protection by spreading


Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 operation Page 60
UMTS Basic Principles
FDD mode features

Multiple access scheme Direct-Sequence CDMA


Duplex scheme FDD
Frequency bands UL 1920-1980 MHz
DL 2110-2170 MHz
Channel spacing nominal 5 MHz
Channel raster 200 KHz
Chip rate 3.84 Mcps
Frame length 10 ms
Slots per frame 15
Inter-BS synchronization No needed
Multi-rate/variable-rate scheme Variable spreading factor, multi-code
Spreading Factor Downlink: 512 to 4
Uplink: 256 to 4
Channel coding scheme Convolutional, Turbo
Bearer Capability Up to 2 Mbit/s

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 61


UMTS Basic Principles
TDD mode features

Multiple access scheme TDMA with CDMA in time slots


Duplex scheme TDD
Frequency bands 1900-1920 MHz
optional 2010-2025 MHz
Channel spacing nominal 5 MHz
Channel raster 200 KHz
Chip rate 3.84 Mcps
Frame length 10 ms
Slots per frame 15
Inter-BS synchronization Sync. Needed
Multi-rate/variable-rate scheme Multi-slot, multi-code
Spreading Factor 16 to 1 (UL and DL)
Channel coding scheme Convolutional, Turbo
Bearer Capability Up to 2 Mbit/s

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 62


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: Spectrum Efficiency

W-CDMA depends on the level of interference created by:


Number of users
Transmitted bit rates
Moving speed
Radio environment
_ indoor
_ outdoor

Spectrum efficiency and cell radius depend on


Local radio conditions (local interference)
On the traffic in adjacent cells (distant interference)

When the number of users increases, the cell radius decreases

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 63


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: Spectrum Efficiency

Raw rate of UMTS and GSM are similar

W-CDMA: ~ 400 Kbit/s (average)


_ 1 carrier (5MHz) with a frequency reusing factor of 1
GSM: ~ 330 kbit/s
_ 25 carriers (200 KHz) /7 (freq. reuse factor) * 7 (TCH) * 13.4 Kbit/s

Advantage to UMTS for voice calls

W-CDMA: 45 voice active speech calls (with 20% soft HO)


_ Due to interference level limitation
_ Spectrum efficiency improved by any technique decreasing interference
GSM: 25 calls/cell (FR or EFR)
_ 25 carriers (200 KHz) /7 (freq. reuse factor) * 7 (TCH)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 64


UMTS Basic Principles
Dimensioning a UMTS Network

Define local the call-mix (local cell + adjacent cells)

Consider the busy hour traffic

And then simulate.

Typical values for urban environment (circuit mode)


Speech 8 kbit/s: ~70 users/700 m radius
144 kbit/s: ~10 users/400 m radius
384 kbit/s: ~5 users/300 m radius

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 65


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: Handover Procedures

Types of Handover
HO inside the 3G domain:
Hard HO
_ FDD Inter-frequency
_ FDD TDD
_ TDD FDD
_ TDD TDD
Soft HO
Softer HO

HO between generations:
3G 2G (HO to GSM)
2G 3G (HO from GSM)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 66


UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: Handover Procedures

Selection and combination (UL) during Soft-Handover

E
D 4 4 H1
Uu
C 7 3 H1 3G MSC/VLR
B 5 2
A H3
Node B Iub
Uu
Iu-PS
B 3 2
E
RNC
UE Iub

Node B C 6 3 H2
RNS
D 8 4 H2

Frame ATM
Quality Numbe Header
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 r Page 67
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control

The issue:
the base station should receive all mobiles with the same power
level
whatever their distance (Near-Far Effect)
The interferences should be minimized with other cells

Node B

UE

UE
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 68
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control

Open loop

RNC

UE Node B

Closed Loop

RNC
Inner Loop Outer Loop

UE Node B
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 69
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control

Open Loop Power Control


estimation by the MS of Power from the DL signal
inaccurate because loss of UL and DL path is different
used in UMTS when MS connects
Inner Loop Power Control
estimation of SIR
comparison with SIRtarget
Node-B commands in order to decrease or increase the MS power
in UMTS, fast power control (1500Hz), quicker than the fast
Raleigh fading
for moderate mobile speeds
Outer Loop Power Control
SIRtarget adjusted by RNC depending on the transmission quality
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 70
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control

UE Node B RNC

SIR > SIRtarget Quality > target


=> Power => SIRtarget

Inner Loop Power Outer Loop Power


Control Control
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01
(fast power control) Page 71
UMTS Basic Principles
Exercise

1) What is the role of the spreading ?

2) In which mode (FDD or TDD) is the same frequency


used for the uplink and the downlink path ?

3) What does the size of the cell depend on ?

4) What are the respective definitions of Hard HO,


Soft HO, Softer HO ?

5) What is the difference between Closed-loop and


Open-loop Power Control ?

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 72


Alcatel Solution

UTRAN
Core Network

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 73


Alcatel solution
Radio Access Network

2G/3G
MSC/VLR
BTS TC
Multi-mode BSC MFS A Circuit Core
handset Network

Iu
(CS)
MBS
GSM
EGPRS
Gb
UMTS 2G/3G SGSN
UMTS 2G/3G GGSN

MBS GPRS
Iu
backbone IP
UMTS Iub (PS)
Network
RNC

3GR1 ATM based transport deployment for


release
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01
UMTS R99
Page 74
Alcatel solution
Radio Access Network

First step, 3GPP R99 compliant (2001/2002)


Minimum impact on existing GSM network 3GR1
release
Second step, 3GPP R4 compliant (2002/2003)
Multi-standard approach (base station, O&M)
Innovative IP native & multimedia services with QoS
3GR2
releas
e
Third step, 3GPP R5 compliant (2003/2004)
GERAN: multimedia over GSM/EDGE over a unified RAN
Open RAN (IP and split between control and transport)3GR3
releas
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 ePage 75
Alcatel solution
Radio Access Network

Node-B main characteristics


Item Specification
Bandwidth 20 MHz within 60 Mhz inside 3G band
Tx frequency 2110 to 2170 MHz
Rx frequency 1920 to 1980 MHz
Number of carriers/sector up to 4
Number of sectors up to 6
Chip rate 3.84 Mcps
Transmission rate up to 2Mbps
Interface to RNC E1, E3, STM1, xDSL (2002)
Base band processing up to 544 AMR channels
Power Input 48 V /DC
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 76
Alcatel solution
Radio Access Network

RNC V1 main characteristics


General Call Handling 200K BHCA
Node B 256
Interface Node B 192 E1, 96 E3, 32 STM 1
CN 32 STM 1
O&M 4 Ethernet 100 BaseT
Radio DHO legs Max of 4
AMR voice 5 000
8kbps (packet) 10 000
Channels 64kbps (packet) 2 544
144kbps (packet) 1 120
384kbps (packet) 400
2Mbps (packet) 72
Dimension Per frame 795(W)x600(D)x1,800(H) mm
350 kg (fully mounted)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 77


Alcatel solution
Radio Access Network

UMTS OMC-R GSM/EDGE OMC-R


GSM/EDGE RNO

UMTS RNO
2G/3G
EM MSC/VLR
BTS TC
Circuit Core
BSC MFS
Network
EDG
E Ater

MBS
Gb
Iu(CS 2G/3G SGSN
UMT ) 2G/3G
S GGSN
MBS Iu(PS GPRS IP
UMT backbone
) Network
3GR1 S
RNC
Alcatel release
University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 78
Alcatel solution
Core Network

Core Network: Strategy


Call Server common to fixed and mobile
RCP (GSM-UMTS compatible) either connected to
E10 (GSM and UMTS ATM/IP)
Call Server (UMTS All IP)
HLR common to GSM and UMTS (ATM/IP and All-IP)
SGSN/GGSN common to GSM and UMTS (ATM/IP and All-IP)
Media Gateway derived from fixed program
Multimedia application common with fixed program
2 possible architectures will be provided
Circuit + packet solution (3GPP R99)
All-IP solution (3GPP R5)
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 79
Alcatel solution
Core Network

Architecture R99
3G MSC

GSM BSC RCP


BSS
A SSP 3G MSC
TDM Transport PSTN
Plane
TC
Iu-cs

Core Network OMC


UTRAN RNC
HLR SCP

Iu-ps

IP Transport Plane
Internet

3G SGSN 3G GGSN
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 80
Alcatel solution
Core Network

EVOLIUM MSC (R99)

Mobile Server (RCP


(UMTS & GSM)
(GSM)
)
Transport Control:
Call Handling (SSP
ControlATM Server (SU2A)
UTRAN )
Transport
ATM Cross TDM
Connect Transcoder BroadbandTermination TDM
functions Backbone
GSM BSS Switching functions
with EDGE TDM
Termination functions

Shared components (2G/3G) Specific UMTS capabilities


Shared Broadband switching platform Broadband interfaces
Shared mobile application Server ATM server (ALCAP)
Shared call processing Transcoders
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 81
Alcatel solution
Core Network

Alcatel SGSN (R99)

Call Control
Gb
GSM BSS GPU and
with EDGE Processing
Frame Relay
Ethernet
Ethernet
Switch
Switch
UPB
Nectar

UTRAN
Iu-PS ATM Cross Gn
Router GGSN Internet
Connect
IP/ATM IP
SGSN

Shared components (2G/3G) Specific UMTS capabilities


Shared GGSN UPB boards
Shared router in SGSN Specific software for control/user plans
Shared call control/processing Platform

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 82


Alcatel solution
Core Network

Impacts on the HLR


Same applications and same capacities
Dual Support of GSM/GPRS and UMTS Subscribers
Terminals will be dual-mode
HLR must support both standard GSM/GPRS and UMTS dialogues
New Services based on IN
Camel Phase 3
SCP/HLR dialogue
Enhanced Security
Authentication algorithm based on quintuplet calculation
HLR is able to compute both triplets and quintuplets for a given VLR
Timestamp introduced in the quintuplets which enhances the security
New service parameters

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 83


Alcatel solution
Core Network

R99 Core Network Features

Circuit Switched (CS) Domain


Up to 64 kbit/s constant bit rate connection

Packet Switched (PS) Domain


Up to 2 Mb/s variable bit rate services
Re-negotiation of quality during calls
Multimedia (transparent H323)

PS & CS Domains
Handover & Roaming between GSM and UMTS
Teleservices, Supplementary services, VHE
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 84
Alcatel solution
Core Network

R5 Core Network Architecture


SCP Evolium
(prepaid
)
HLR
Softswitch Softswitch
Evolium Control PlaneMultimedia
Call server Call server

PSTN
GSM
BSC
A-MGW T-MGW
IP/ATM
SGSN Transport Plane
GGSN
UTRAN
RNC
INTERNET

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 85


Alcatel solution
Core Network

R5 Core Network Architecture and Features

New Alternative Architecture


Re-use of UMTS R99 SGSN & GGSN
Introduction of new network functions
_ MSC Server (evolution of R99 Call Server)
_ Media Gateway
_ Signalling Gateway
_ Media Gateway Controller
_ Multimedia Call Server (Call State Control Function-CSCF)
Features
Same as R99
Interworking with GSM and R99 UMTS

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 86


Alcatel solution
Exercise

1) What is the name of the Alcatel hardware for


the Node-B ? How many carriers can be managed by
this equipment ? How many units can be connected
to one RNC ?

2) Where is located the transcoding equipment in Alcatel


UMTS solution (3GPP R99)?

3) What is the EVOLIUM MSC composed of ?

4) What are the main elements of the SGSN ?

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 87


...

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 88


Annex

IMT-2000
Bandwidth capacity
Protocols

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 89


From 2G to 3G
Harmonization routes for global standards

PDC WP-CDMA WIMS

W-CDMA cdmaOne
cdma2000 IS-95
W-CDMA CDMA2000
IMT-DS IMT-MC

FDD IMT-TC IMT-SC


UTRA TD-CDMA IMT-FT EDGE
TDD TDMA
UWC-136
DECT IS-136
TD-SCDMA DECT 2G
GSM/GPRS
3G proposal
GSM-EDGE
ITU-R agreement
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 90
Increasing Capacity with EDGE
True Bandwidth Capacity

GPRS: a data rate up to: 200

Carrier data rate (kbit/s)


171.2 kbit/s (Raw data rate) 160 CS-4
120 CS-3
160.0 kbit/s (Max. net data rate)
CS-2
144.0 kbit/s (Max. average data rate) 80 CS-1
40
End-user data rate: around 30 to 50 kbit/s
0
0 10 20 30
EDGE: a data rate up to 473.6 kbit/s C/I (dBm)

384 kbit/s is the minimum bandwidth offered by 3G system


End-user data rate: around 100 kbit/s

Only UMTS in TDD mode will reach the 2 Mbit/s

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 91


UMTS Architecture
Transport layer

ATM

53 bytes

5 48 bytes
bytes

Header Data

VPI VCI

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 92


UMTS Architecture
Transport layer

ATM Adaptation Layer AAL5

Appl User Data


i

User Data Padding Trailer


AAL5

5 48 bytes
bytes
AT Header Data
M

VPI VCI

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 93


UMTS Architecture
Transport layer

ATM Adaptation Layer AAL2

Appl User 1 User 2 User 3


i Data Data Data

User 1 User 2 User 3


AAL2 CID Data
Data
CID
Data
CID
Data

5 48 bytes
bytes
AT Header User 1 User 2 User 3
CID Data
Data
CID
Data
CID
Data Header
M

VPI VCI

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 94


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

Radio Resource Control (RRC):

Paging and Notification of idle mode UE

Broadcasting of System Information

Mobility of UE (measurement, HO, cell update)

Establishment / release of an RRC connection

Establishment / release of Radio Bearers

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 95


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

Radio Link Control (RLC):

Segmentation and re-assembly

Error correction

Padding

Flow Control

In-sequence delivery of higher layer PDU

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 96


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

Medium Access Control (MAC):

mapping between logical channels and transport channels;

selection of appropriate Transport Format for each Transport


Channel depending on instantaneous source rate;

priority handling between data flows of one UE, several users;

multiplexing of higher layer PDUs into transport blocks delivered


to the physical layer on transport channels;
(demultiplexing of higher layer PDUs from transport block sets
delivered from the physical layer on transport channels)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 97


UMTS Architecture
UTRAN

Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP):

Overall RAB management

Relocating serving RNC

Paging

Controlling overload in the Iu interface

Transport of Non Access Stratum (NAS) information between UE


and CN...

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 98


UMTS architecture
UTRAN

Radio Channels in UMTS

Logical Transport
Physical
Control Common Common
(CCH)
BCC PCC BCH PCH CPICH P-CCPCH
H DCC H CPC PCPCH
H CCC H FAC CSICH S-CCPCH
SHCCH H DSCH RAC
H SCH PDSCH PRAC
ODCCH OCCCH (USCH) ORACH
H (PUSCH PICHDPCCHH
) AICH

Traffic Dedicate Dedicate


(TCH) d FAUSCH d
CTC
DTC DCH DPDCH + DPCCH
H
H ODTCH ODCH (ul)
DPCH (dl)

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 99


UMTS architecture
Core Network

Layer Model for Transmission plane (GPRS)

Appli
IP / IP /
X25 X25
SNDCP SNDC GTP GTP
P UDP & UDP &
LLC LLC
TCP TCP
relay
RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
RLC
MAC MAC Frame Frame L2 L2
Relay Relay
Physica Physica L1 bis L1 bis L1 L1
l Layer l Layer

Um Gb Gn
MS BSS SGSN GGSN

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 100


UMTS architecture
Core Network

Layer Model for Signalling plan (GPRS)

G G
S SMS S SMS
M M GTP GTP
GMM GMM
LLC LLC UDP UDP
relay
RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
RLC
MAC MAC Frame Frame L2 L2
Relay Relay
L1 RF L1 RF L1 bis L1 bis L1 L1

Um Gb Gn
MS BSS SGSN GSN GSN

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 101


Abbreviations
and Acronyms

General
Standards Organizations

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 102


UMTS
Abbreviations and Acronyms

AAL ATM Adaptation Layer CS Circuit Switched


ACELP Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
DCA Dynamic channel Allocation
ADN Abbreviated Dialling Number DHO Diversity HandOver
ALCAP Access Link Control Application Part DHT Diversity HandOver Trunk
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate DRAC Dynamic Resource Allocation Control
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode DRNC Drift RNC
BHCA Busy Hour Call Attempts DS Direct Sequence
BMC Broadcast / Multicast Control EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
BM-IWF Broadcast Multicast InterWorking ERAN EDGE Radio Access Network (all-IP)
Function FBI FeedBack Information
BSC Base Station Controller FDD Frequency Division Duplex
BSS Base Station (sub)System FDD-DS FDD-Direct Sequence (FDD1)
BTS Base Transceiver Station FDD-MC FDD-Multiple Carrier (FDD2)
CAMEL Customized Application for Mobile FER Frame Error Rate
Enhanced Logic FTP File Transfer Protocol
CC Call Control GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
CDR Call Data Record GPRS General Packet Radio Service
CN Core Network GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 103
UMTS
Abbreviations and Acronyms

GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol MC Multiple Carrier


GTP-U GPRS Tunneling Protocol-User Plane MExE Mobile Execution Environment
HHO Hard HandOver MM Mobility Management
IMT International Mobile Telecommunication
MSP Multiple Subscriber Profile
IMT-DS Direct Sequence MSS Mobile Satellite System
IMT-MC Multi Carrier MTP3 Message Transfer Part (broadband)
IMT-SC Single Carrier MTP-3B Message Transfer Part level 3
IMT-TC Time Code NAS Non Access Stratum
IP Internet Protocol NBAP Node-B Application Part
IR Incremental Redundancy ODMA Opportunity Driven Multiple Access
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network OSA Open service Architecture
LA Link Adaptation (EDGE) OTDOA-IPDL Observed Time Difference of Arrival
LCS Location Services Idle Period Downlink
LLC Logical Link Control OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
LQC Link Quality Control PDA Personal Digital Assistant
M3UA SS7 MTP3 User Adaptation layer PDC Personal Digital Cellular (2G Japan)
MAC Medium Access Control PDU Protocol Data Unit
MBS Multi-standard Base Station PS Packet Switched
QOS Quality Of Service

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 104


UMTS
Abbreviations and Acronyms

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying SHO Soft HandOver


RAB Radio Access Bearer SIR Signal to Interference Ratio
RAN Radio Access Network SPU Signaling Processing Unit
RANAP RAN Application Part SRNC Serving RNC
RB Radio Bearer SSCOP Service Specific Connection Oriented
RLC Radio Link Control Protocol
RNC Radio Network Controller SSCP Signaling Connection Control Part
RNS Radio Network Sub-System STM Synchronous Transfer Mode
RNSAP RNS Application Part TCP Transport Control Protocol
RRC Radio Resource Control TD-CDMATime Division & CDMA
RRM Radio Resource Management TDD Time Division Duplex
SAP Service Access Point TFCI Transport Format Combination Indicator
SAT SIM Application Toolkit TPC Transmit Power Control
SDU Service Data Unit TRE Transceiver Equipment
SF Spreading Factor UDP User Datagram Protocol
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node UICC UMTS Integrated Circuit Card
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 105


UMTS
Abbreviations and Acronyms

URA UTRAN Registration Area VC Virtual Channel


USB Universal Serial Bus VoIP Voice over IP
USIM UMTS Subscriber Identity Card VP Virtual Path
USSD Unstructured Supplementary ServiceWAP Wireless Application Protocol
Data W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple
UTRA UMTS Radio Access Network (ETSI) Access
Universal Radio Access Network (3GPP)
WIM WAP Identity Module
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 106


UMTS
Abbreviations and Acronyms (Standards Organizations)

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project (WCDMA)


3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (cdma2000)
3GIP 3rd Generation partnership for Internet Protocol
ANSI American National Standard Institute (USA)
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Business (Japan)
CWTS China Wireless Telecommunication Standard group
ETSI European Telecommunication Standard Institute
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IMT International Mobile Telecommunication
ITU International Telecommunication Union
T1 Committee T1 telecommunication of the ANSI (USA)
TIA Telecommunication Industry Association (USA)
TTA Telecommunication Technology Association (Korea)
TTC Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan)
UWCC Universal Wireless Communications Committee
W3C World Wide Web Consortium

Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 107

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