Professional Documents
Culture Documents
From 2G to 3G
Services and Applications
UMTS architecture
UMTS basic principles
Alcatel Solution
...
Annex
Abbreviations and Acronyms
2G limitations / 3G requirements
2G to 3G Evolution
IMT-2000
3GPP
2G limitations
Data transmission limited:
Rate 9.6Kbps
3G requirements
Higher Data transmission rates:
Full coverage and mobility with 144kbps , preferably 384Kbps
Limited coverage and mobility with 2Mbps
World-Wide roaming
2G services 3G services
GPRS UMTS UMTS
Up to 160Kbps Up to 2Mbps Up to 2Mbps
Internet services Internet Multimedia
R97/98/99 (GSM) services VoiP
GSM
R99 (3GPP) R5 (3GPP)
E-GPRS GERAN
Up to 384Kbps Multimedia
Internet services VoiP
R99 (GSM) R4/R5 (3GPP)
Voice MSC/VLR
Data
ISDN
BSS with
PCU
GSM+GPRS
HLR
SGSN
GGSN
GPRS Internet
GPRS Backbone
Mobile
EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
2 solutions:
E-GPRS: Enhanced GPRS
A 3G technology
All-IP solution keeping only the data plane
(G)ERAN
BSC/PCU
GSM
IP
Network
EDGE
GSM Gateway Core
Network
EDGE
GSM
China :
GSM
US & Canada : (87%)
Western Europe: UMTS CDMA
(13%)
CDM
GSM A
GSM
EDG
(12%) (100%) 2000
CDMA UMTS
E (49%)
CDM TDMA Japan:
A (39%)
EDG
2000 E PDC
(64%) CDMA
UMTS
(36%)
Rest of the World : CDM
A
GSM 2000
(41%) CDMA UMTS
UMTS (35%) TDMA IMT-2000
1999 Market
CDM
EDG
(24%)
Share:
A UMTS
E GSM 48
CDM%
2000
UMTS EDG
CDMA 28A%
E
TDMA 15 %
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 PDC
2000
9% Page 11
From 2G to 3G
IMT-2000
UMTS
IMT-DS, also called UMTS FDD (Wideband-CDMA)
IMT-TC, also called UMTS TDD (Wideband-CDMA+TDMA)
IMT-MC, also called CDMA2000 (Multicarrier-CDMA)
IMT-SC (UWC-136 TDMA)
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 12
From 2G to 3G
IMT-2000
4 radio accesses
GSM ANSI-41
MAP 2 core networks
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 13
From 2G to 3G
3G standardization bodies
GSM 42 GSM 34
s mn
GPRS 8 GPRS 7
s mn
EDGE 3
Downloading a Word document
Audio and VideoEDGE
streaming128
(500 KBytes) s
s
UMTS 0.2 UMTS 10
s
GSM 7 mn s
Streaming with all
GPRS 82 s technologies
EDGE 27 s excepted with GSM
UMTS 2 s
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 21
Services and Applications
QOS Classes
conversational
_ AMR speech service
+ _ Video telephony -
CS: H324
PS: H323, IETF Multimedia
architecture Data
Delay
Integrit
sensitiv streaming
y
e interactive sensitiv
_ location based services e
- _ computer games +
background
_ e-mail delivery
_ SMS ...
Services
Service Features
Standardised
interfaces
Service Capabilities
Bearers Mechanisms
GSM UMTS Other CAMEL MExE SAT
Networks
W@P
Allows to bring Internet information to any device
Encompass any Digital Cellular technology (CDMA/GSM/TDMA/UMTS)
W@P server bring security, E-customer care, billing facilities
A De-facto Standard with
250 full members and 350 associated members in W@P Forum
I need to know:
stock exchange info,
sport scores,
flight info, weather
W@P evolution
WAP 1.1 (mid 99): first internet services on mobile stations
WAP 1.2 Wireless Telephony Application (WTA)
new architecture with WTA server (network) and WTA user agent (MS)
enhanced security, with WIM (WAP Identity Module)
Push services
WAP 1.3 (December 2000):
new protocol based on ftp and tftp for donwloading large files and
multimedia files
m-commerce and business application
WAP next generation:
Multimedia application
Convergence with W3C and IETF
User Equipment
(UE)
Mobile UICC
Equipme Cu USIM1
nt
USIM2
GSM
acces
s
SIM
(ME)
Integrated Approach:
A single device is used for voice, music, to take picture, to send e-mail, ...
Distributed Approach:
Automotive / Telematics
P S Domestic
G
New interfaces
Data / IT
E-Commerce
Consumer Electronics
UTRAN
Core Network
Protocols
Core
UTRAN Networ
k
Iu
IP
UE Network
UTRAN functions:
Ciphering/deciphering
Mobility
Node
Node-B:
RNS
B Radio transmission
Radio Resource Management
Serving RNC:
RNS
Node Serving A role an RNC can take with
Uu B RNC respect to a specific
Iub Iu connection between an UE and
UTRAN.
Drift RNC:
RNS
Node Serving A role an RNC can take with
Uu B RNC respect to a specific
Iub Iu connection between an UE and
UTRAN.
Node
An RNC that supports the
Iur
Uu B Serving RNC with radio
resources when the connection
Iub
Iu between the UTRAN and the
UE need to use cell(s)
UE controlled by this RNC.
Uu Drift
Iub RNC One UE may have 0, 1 or more
Node
DRNC
RNS
B
PS-domain
R5 architecture:
Full-IP Network
One domain: PS with QOS
Next Generation Network Architecture (NGN)
_ 2 planes: Control (with Servers) and Transport (with Media Gateways)
SCP HLR
Control
MSC
BSS / Plane Serve Gateway
ERAN r MSC
Server
GGSN
SGSN Server
Serve ISDN
r PSTN
UTRA
N Transport Media Media IP
Plane GW GW network
Node Iur C
Uu D HLR
B
Iub
3G SGSN
Gr
UE Gc
Iu-PS Gn
Uu 3G GGSN
Iub IP
RNC GPRS Networ
Node backbone Gi k
RNS
B
PS-domain
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 41
UMTS Architecture
Protocols
Non-Access Stratum
Radio Radio Iu Iu
Protocols Protocols
Protocols Protocols
(1) (1) (2) (2)
Access Stratum
UE UTRAN CN
Uu Iu
RAB RAB
NON ACCESS STRATUM
ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP
Control plane
User plane
RLC RLC
Transport Transport
MAC MAC
Layer Layer
Transport Transport
Phys Phys
Layer Layer
Uu Iub Iu
UE Node-B RNC CN
Appli
CC/MM CC/MM
NON ACCESS STRATUM
ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP
Control plane
User plane
RLC RLC
Transport Transport
MAC MAC
Layer Layer
AAL2 AAL2
Phys Phys ATM ATM
Phys Phys
Uu Iub Iu
UE Node-B RNC CN
Iu-CS
Appli
CC/MM CC/MM
NON ACCESS STRATUM
ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP
P
C
SC
Control plane
3B
User plane
RLC RLC
TP
M
P
O
C
A L SC
MAC MAC
5
A
AAL2 AAL2 AAL2 AAL2
Phys Phys ATM ATM ATM ATM
Phys Phys Phys Phys
Uu Iub Iu-CS
UE Node-B RNC CN
Iu-PS
Appli
CC/MM CC/MM
NON ACCESS STRATUM
ACCESS STRATUM
RRC RRC RANAP RANAP
P
C
SC
Control plane
GTP GTP
3B
User plane
RLC RLC
TP
M
P
UDP UDP
O
C
SC
MAC MAC IP IP
AAL2 AAL2 AAL5 AAL5
Phys Phys ATM ATM ATM ATM
Phys Phys Phys Phys
Uu Iub Iu-PS
UE Node-B RNC CN
CDMA Principles
Radio Resources:
Frequency, Time, Power/Code
Radio Resource Management
Extension bands
Should be located close to the core band (maybe 2.52-2.67 Ghz)
Likely to be unpaired band (TDD only compatible)
5 MHz channel
FDD mode
f1 Uplink
Code and Frequency
f2 Downlink
orthogonality
5 MHz channel
TDD mode
... Uplink and Downlink ... 15TS
Code and Time
orthogonality
10 ms
frame
0.666 ms
slot
1 2 3 ... 15
Uplink
Q
Pilot TFCI FBI TPC
I data
Downlink
3.84 Mcps
time 2560*Tc
1 frame = 15 TS (10ms)
1 TS = 2560 chips
asymmetrical allocation (at least 1 TS allocated to DL or UL)
in 1 TS, up to 8 UL bursts for different users
in 1 TS, up to 16 DL bursts for one single user
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 57
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Power/Code
Channelization Scrambling
Code Code
1 2
+1
2
f
-1
T chip
1/T chip
+1 Power
3
-1
f
1/T chip
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 59
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resources: the Power/Code
Power Power
DS receiver
Original signal
Despreading
1 Spread signal f f
Power Power
DS receiver
Spread signal B Original signal A
Despreading
3 Spread signal A f Spread signal B f
Types of Handover
HO inside the 3G domain:
Hard HO
_ FDD Inter-frequency
_ FDD TDD
_ TDD FDD
_ TDD TDD
Soft HO
Softer HO
HO between generations:
3G 2G (HO to GSM)
2G 3G (HO from GSM)
E
D 4 4 H1
Uu
C 7 3 H1 3G MSC/VLR
B 5 2
A H3
Node B Iub
Uu
Iu-PS
B 3 2
E
RNC
UE Iub
Node B C 6 3 H2
RNS
D 8 4 H2
Frame ATM
Quality Numbe Header
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 r Page 67
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control
The issue:
the base station should receive all mobiles with the same power
level
whatever their distance (Near-Far Effect)
The interferences should be minimized with other cells
Node B
UE
UE
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 68
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control
Open loop
RNC
UE Node B
Closed Loop
RNC
Inner Loop Outer Loop
UE Node B
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 69
UMTS Basic Principles
Radio Resource Management: RF Power Control
UE Node B RNC
UTRAN
Core Network
2G/3G
MSC/VLR
BTS TC
Multi-mode BSC MFS A Circuit Core
handset Network
Iu
(CS)
MBS
GSM
EGPRS
Gb
UMTS 2G/3G SGSN
UMTS 2G/3G GGSN
MBS GPRS
Iu
backbone IP
UMTS Iub (PS)
Network
RNC
UMTS RNO
2G/3G
EM MSC/VLR
BTS TC
Circuit Core
BSC MFS
Network
EDG
E Ater
MBS
Gb
Iu(CS 2G/3G SGSN
UMT ) 2G/3G
S GGSN
MBS Iu(PS GPRS IP
UMT backbone
) Network
3GR1 S
RNC
Alcatel release
University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 78
Alcatel solution
Core Network
Architecture R99
3G MSC
Iu-ps
IP Transport Plane
Internet
3G SGSN 3G GGSN
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 80
Alcatel solution
Core Network
Call Control
Gb
GSM BSS GPU and
with EDGE Processing
Frame Relay
Ethernet
Ethernet
Switch
Switch
UPB
Nectar
UTRAN
Iu-PS ATM Cross Gn
Router GGSN Internet
Connect
IP/ATM IP
SGSN
PS & CS Domains
Handover & Roaming between GSM and UMTS
Teleservices, Supplementary services, VHE
Alcatel University - 8AS 90145 0018 VT ZZA Ed.01 Page 84
Alcatel solution
Core Network
PSTN
GSM
BSC
A-MGW T-MGW
IP/ATM
SGSN Transport Plane
GGSN
UTRAN
RNC
INTERNET
IMT-2000
Bandwidth capacity
Protocols
W-CDMA cdmaOne
cdma2000 IS-95
W-CDMA CDMA2000
IMT-DS IMT-MC
ATM
53 bytes
5 48 bytes
bytes
Header Data
VPI VCI
5 48 bytes
bytes
AT Header Data
M
VPI VCI
5 48 bytes
bytes
AT Header User 1 User 2 User 3
CID Data
Data
CID
Data
CID
Data Header
M
VPI VCI
Error correction
Padding
Flow Control
Paging
Logical Transport
Physical
Control Common Common
(CCH)
BCC PCC BCH PCH CPICH P-CCPCH
H DCC H CPC PCPCH
H CCC H FAC CSICH S-CCPCH
SHCCH H DSCH RAC
H SCH PDSCH PRAC
ODCCH OCCCH (USCH) ORACH
H (PUSCH PICHDPCCHH
) AICH
Appli
IP / IP /
X25 X25
SNDCP SNDC GTP GTP
P UDP & UDP &
LLC LLC
TCP TCP
relay
RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
RLC
MAC MAC Frame Frame L2 L2
Relay Relay
Physica Physica L1 bis L1 bis L1 L1
l Layer l Layer
Um Gb Gn
MS BSS SGSN GGSN
G G
S SMS S SMS
M M GTP GTP
GMM GMM
LLC LLC UDP UDP
relay
RLC BSSGP BSSGP IP IP
RLC
MAC MAC Frame Frame L2 L2
Relay Relay
L1 RF L1 RF L1 bis L1 bis L1 L1
Um Gb Gn
MS BSS SGSN GSN GSN
General
Standards Organizations