Normal Bone Marrow Aspirate

Normal Bone Marrow Biopsy

 Erythrocytes
>99% of the formed elements

Function to carry O2, CO2 & H+

Anatomy
biconcave disks, 8m in diameter

No nucleus and limited metabolic activity

Filled with hemoglobin (Hgb)

O2 carrying protein
synthesized in cytosol before nucleus is
lost
33% of cell weight
Granular Leukocytes
Eosinophil

Neutrophil

Basophil
Eosinophil
2-4% of all WBCs
Anatomy
10-12 m diameter
2 connected nuclear
lobes
Red/orange large,
uniform granules, do
not obscure the
nucleus
Physiology
Exit capillaries, enter
tissue fluid
combat
parasites
histamine
Phagocytize antigen-
antibody complexes
Neutrophil
60-70% of all WBCs
Anatomy
10-12 m diameter
2-6 nuclear lobes
Fine, pale inconspicuous
granules
Physiology
Respond first to bacteria
damage by chemotaxis
Phagocytosis
After engulfing pathogen
releases several
chemicals
lysozyme
strong oxidants
defensins
Eosinophil
2-4% of all WBCs
Anatomy
10-12 m diameter
2 connected nuclear
lobes
Red/orange large,
uniform granules, do
not obscure the
nucleus
Physiology
Exit capillaries, enter
tissue fluid
combat
parasites
histamine
Phagocytize antigen-
antibody complexes
Basophil
0.5-1% of all WBCs
Anatomy
8-10 m diameter
Bilobed or irregular
nucleus
Granules round, blue-
black, may obscure the
nucleus
Physiology
Exit caps enter tissue
fluids
Change into mast cells
release heparin,
histamine, serotonin
stimulate inflammation
Hypersensitivity
(allergic) reactions
 Agranular Leukocytes

Lymphocyte

Monocyt
e
Lymphocytes

20-25% of all
WBCs

Anatomy
7-15m
nucleus dark
stained, round or
indented
cytoplasm a pale
blue rim around
the nucleus
Monocytes
3-8% of all WBCs

Anatomy

14-19 m
indented or kidney-
shaped nucleus (not
round)
cytoplasm foamy
Physiology

slower to arrive but

survive longer
enlarge, differentiate
into wandering
macrophages
clean up microbes,
cellular debris,
following injury
Thrombocytes - Platelets
Development
Megakaryocytes
shed small
cytoplasmic
fragments
each fragment
has plasma
membrane
Anatomy
250,000-
400,000/mm3
No nucleus, disc
shaped
2-4 m diameter
with many
granules
Thrombocytes - Platelets (cont.)

Physiology
Short life span (5-9
days)
Help plug small holes
in blood vessels
Granules contain
regulatory factors
which serve several
important functions in:
coagulation
inflammation
immune defenses