VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY BELGAVI,KARNATAKA
SRI TARALABALU JAGADGURU INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY, Ranebennur

TECHNICAL SEMINOR ON
ROBOTS USED IN RADIOACTIVE ENVIRONMENT
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. GIRISH KALLIHAL

PRESENTED BY
SATISH M
2SR13ME100

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2016-17
Leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension
components they are still frequently used, especially
in commercial vehicles.

The automobile industries have shown interests in

replacement of steel springs with composite leaf
springs due to high strength to weight ratio.
Introduction to leaf
spring:
A leaf spring is a simple type of suspension
spring commonly used in heavy duty vehicles.

The advantages of leaf spring over helical spring

is that the ends of the spring be guided along a
definite path as it deflects to act as a structural
member in addition to energy absorbing device.
Construction of leaf
spring:
Leaf springs used in automobiles is of Semi-Elliptical
in form.
It is built up of number of plates(known as leaf) ,
which are of reducing lengths.
The longest leaf is called main leaf or Master leaf,
Construction of leaf
And the other leaves are called as graduated leaves.

spring:
The spring is clamped to the axle by means of U-
bolts.
Rebound clips are used to hold the leaves together.
Central clamp is used to fix the position of leaf spring
to the wheel axle.
Manufacturing process:

The different types of manufacturing process

involved are:
Shearing of flat bar
Center punching
End Heating process forming (hot & cold process)
Heat treatment
Surface preparation
Eye bush preparation process
Assembly
Standard sizes of leaf
spring :
Width (mm) : 25-80 mm in steps of 5mm

Thickness (mm) : 2-8 mm in steps of 1mm,

10-16 mm in steps of 2mm
Material Used for Leaf
Spring : used for leaf springs is usually a
The materials
plain carbon steel having 0.90 to 1.0% carbon.
According to Indian Standards the Recommended
Materials are:
For Automobiles : 50 Cr 1 , 50 Cr 1 V 23 ,
55 Si 2 Mn 90 , used in Hardened and
Tempered state.
For Rail Road Springs : C 55(water-Hardened
, C 75-Oil hardened) , 40 SI 2 Mn 90 (Water
Hardened) and 55 Si 2 Mn 90 (Oil hardened)
Leaf Spring Design:
Bending Stress in each plate of the leaf
spring:
B= 6WL/(nbt 2)
Deflection of the plate:
=4WL 3/(nEbt 3)
Composite carbon fibre
leaf spring:
Now-a-days industries are trying to reduce the
weight and increase the strength of leaf spring
for efficient suspension.

ARC Composite carbon fiber is the best material

suitable for the above required criteria.

This material has less weight and high strength

when compared to the materials using in the
leaf springs using in nowadays leaf springs.
Advantages of ARC
Composite carbon fibre
1) Specifically made to give effects like Air Suspension with

leaf spring suspension:

out any extra external energy(Fuel)
2) Increase in fuel efficiency due to better aerodynamics and
around 60% weight reduction.
3) Minimum wear and tear of body parts and tyre due to
delicate tendency of absorbing road shocks, jerks and
vibrations.
4) Softer ride, Lower noise level, excellent stability due to
better damping characteristics.
5) Excellent corrosion resistance against atmospheric
pollutants.
6) Five times stronger than conventional metal leaf springs.
 APPLICATIONS OF SPRINGS

1) To apply forces and controlling motion, as in brakes and

clutches.
2) Measuring forces, as in the case of a spring balance.
3) Storing energy, as in the case of springs used in watches and
toys.
4) Reducing the effect of shocks and vibrations in vehicles and
machine foundations.
THANK YOU