System Models

Mathematical Models:
Electrical System Building Blocks
 Electrical System Building Blocks

The basic building blocks of electrical systems are resistance, inductance and
capacitance.

2
Resistor : v iR ; P i R
1 1 2
Inductor : i vdt; E Li
L 2
dv 1 2
Capacitor : i C ; E Cv
dt 2
 Resistance, R (ohm)

Appied voltage v(t )

i(t)
Current i (t )
v(t ) Ri (t ) v(t) R

1
i (t ) v(t )
R
 Inductance, L (H)

Appied voltage v(t )

Current i (t ) i(t)

di(t )
v(t ) L v(t) L
dt
t
1
i (t ) v(t )dt
L t0
 Capacitance, C (F)

Appied voltage v(t )

Current i (t ) i(t)

1 t
v(t ) i (t )dt v(t) C
C t0
dv(t )
i (t ) C
dt
 Kirchoffs Laws
Kirchoffs current law (KCL)
The algebraic sum of all currents at any
node is zero
Kirchoffs voltage law (KVL)
The algebraic sum of all voltages
across all elements in a closed loop is
zero
 TF Model
Problem: Obtain the transfer function for the following RLC
network.

Answer:
 TF Model
Problem: Obtain the transfer function for the following RLC
network.

Answer:
 Operational Amplifiers
Op-Amp Circuit Transfer Function
Frequently used to amplify signal
in sensor circuits.
e1 and e2 are relative to ground.
e1 to the -ve terminal of the
amplifier is inverted, and e2 to the
+ve
The total input to the amplifier is eterminal.
2-e1. So, we have:

e0 K (e2 e1 )

The operating conditions for ideal op-amp:

i. i1 = i2 = 0 ( input impedance)
ii. e1 = e2
 Operational Amplifiers
Inverting Amplifier
e1 e' e'eo

R1 R2

Assuming ideal condition,

e' 0

The transfer function for the circuit above is obtained as:

e0 R
2
e1 R1
Problem: Find the transfer function for a non-inverting amplifier.