CONSTRUCTION

AND
MANAGEMENT
IN-HOUSE REVIEW SUMMER 2017

PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARLOU MICO MALABUYOC

Planning & Scheduling

Forms of Schedule
Written schedule
Bar graph/chart
Network schedules
Planning & Scheduling

Bar Graph Method

A graphical schedule relating
progress of items to a work
schedule
Devised by Henry Gantt (thats why
the name Gantt chart)
Most widely used in construction
due to graphic format and easy to
understand
Planning & Scheduling
Bar Graph Method
Planning & Scheduling
Bar Graph Method
Normal Progress Curve
Based on investigation of large
number of projects
Characteristics:
Slow progress at the beginning
15% accomplishment @ 25% of time
Linear progress in the middle 85%
accomplishment @ 75% of time
Slow progress in the end
Planning & Scheduling

Bar Graph Method

Deficiencies:
Failure to show relationships
between project activities
Failure to identify activities which
control the project duration (critical
activities)
Failure to show the effect of delay
or change in one activity on the
entire project
Planning & Scheduling

CPM & PERT

Developed to address weaknesses
of bar graph method
CPM Critical Path Method
Developed by DuPont &
Remington for plant maintenance
and construction projects
PERT Project Evaluation &
Review Technique
Developed by the US Navy for
weapon systems development
Planning & Scheduling

CPM & PERT

Major Difference
PERT utilizes probability concepts to
deal with uncertainty associated
with activity-time estimates
CPM assigns each activity a single
fixed duration
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Graphical representation of the
major activities of a project showing
relationships between activities
Used in CPM & PERT
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Two Methods
Activity-on-arrow
Each activity is represented by an
arrow that has an associated
description & expected duration
Each activity must start &
terminate at an event (circle)
Activity-on-node
Nodes (circles) represent an
activities
 Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-arrow

Activity
description

Move in
10 11
2

Beginning event Activity

Ending event
number (i) duration
number (j)
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-arrow
Activity Duratio Predecess
n or
A. Drill well 4 -
B. Deliver material 2 -
C. Excavate 5 -
D. Power line 3 -
E. Pump house 3 A
F. Assemble tank 4 B
G. Foundation 4 C
H. Install pipe 6 C
I. Install pump 2 C, D, E
J. Erect tower & 6 F, G
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Terms
Activity a work item identified for
the project being scheduled
Event a point in time in a
schedule used to signify start or
end of an activity; can be shared by
several activities
Dummy a fictitious activity used
to impose logic constraint &
prevent duplication of activity
number; represented as a dashed
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-arrow
Relationships
Sequential
Activity B can commence only
after Activity A is completed

A B
i j k
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-arrow
Relationships
Diverging (Separating)
Activities B and C cannot begin
until Activity A is completed. B and
C can proceed concurrently
k
B
A
i j

C n
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity-on-arrow
Relationships
Converging (Combining)
Activity C can commence only
after activities A and B are
completed. A and B can begin
independently of one another
i

A
C
k n
j B
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-arrow
Relationships
Complex
Activities C and D will commence
only after Activities A and B are
completed. A and B can begin
independently of one another, as
well as
i C and D n
A C

j k
B
D m
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Pointers for good diagram
Must present a clear picture of the
project logic
Flow direction: left to right
Arrows should not point backward;
may point straight up or down
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Event-Time calculations
After drawing the network diagram, network
time calculations can be made
Early Event Time (EET)
Earliest event occurrence
Calculated using forward pass
-At each event EET is found as the EET
of the previous event plus duration of
activity
-When 2 or more arrows meet at an
event, EET is the largest possible EET
EET at last event - minimum required
time to complete project
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Event-Time calculations
Late Event Time (LET)
Latest possible time at which at
event may occur
Calculated after EET using
backward pass
-Start with EET of last event
-LET = LET of previous duration
of activity
-When 2 or more activities meet
at an event, choose the lowest
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Critical Path
The path (series of activities)
through the network which
establishes the minimum project
duration (EET of final event)
Activities which make up the critical
path are called critical activities
Critical activities are indicated by
double arrow
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity times
-used as a basis for scheduling &
resource allocation
Early Start (ES) - EET of
preceding event
Early Finish (EF) - ES + activity
duration
Late Finish (LF) - LET of following
event
Late Start (LS) - LF activity
duration
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Lag time relations in CPM
Lag time amount of time delay
between two tasks
Useful where activities can often
start as soon as a portion of a
preceding activity is completed
Work package can be broken
down into a number of segments
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Two Methods
Activity-on-node
Uses same principles of network logic
and time calculations as in activity-on-
arrow
Node represents work/activity; arrows
are only used to represent logic
constraints
Forms
Circle diagram
Expanded diagram
Precedence diagram
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity-on-node
Circle Diagram
2 4
Cut & Place
fill base
5 3

1
Clear 6
& Pave
grub 2
2
3
5
Exc &
Const
form
culver
culver
t
t
2
2
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity-on-node ES TF EF
No. &
Expanded node diagram Description
LS D LF
2 0 7 7 0 10
2. Cut and 4. Place
fill base
2 5 7 7 3 10
0 0 2 10 0 13
1. Clear &
grub 6. Pave
0 2 2 10 3 13
2 4 4 4 4 6
3. Excavate & 5. Cut and
form culvert fill
6 2 8 8 2 10
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-node
Activity Duratio Predecess
n or
A. Drill well 4 -
B. Deliver material 2 -
C. Excavate 5 -
D. Power line 3 -
E. Pump house 3 A
F. Assemble tank 4 B
G. Foundation 4 C
H. Install pipe 6 C
I. Install pump 2 C, D, E
J. Erect tower & 6 F, G
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity Duration ES EF LS LF TF
A. Drill well 4
B. Deliver material 2
C. Excavate 5
D. Power line 3
E. Pump house 3
F. Assemble tank 4
G. Foundation 4
H. Install pipe 6
I. Install pump 2
J. Erect tower & tank 6
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity Duration ES EF LS LF TF
A. Drill well 4 0 4 6 10 6
B. Deliver material 2 0 2 3 5 3
C. Excavate 5 0 5 0 5 0
D. Power line 3 0 3 10 13 10
E. Pump house 3 4 7 10 13 6
F. Assemble tank 4 2 6 5 9 3
G. Foundation 4 5 9 5 9 0
H. Install pipe 6 5 11 9 15 4
I. Install pump 2 7 9 13 15 6
J. Erect tower & tank 6 9 15 9 15 0
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity-on-node
Precedence diagram
Extension of the activity-on-node
format that provides incorporation
of lag-time factors as well as other
precedence relationships

A B

a. Finish-to-start: start of B
depends on finish of A plus
lag-time 30
Planning & Scheduling
Network Diagram
Activity-on-node
Precedence diagram

A B

b. Start-to-start: start
of B depends on start of
A plus lag-time
Planning & Scheduling

Network Diagram
Activity-on-node
Precedence diagram

A B

c. Finish-to-finish: finish of B
depends on finish of A plus
lag-time
Planning & Scheduling

Scheduling & Resource

Assignment
Early Start Schedule
All activities are scheduled to start
at the earliest allowable time

Late Start Schedule

All activities are scheduled to start
at the latest allowable time

33
 Planning & Scheduling
Scheduling & Resource
Assignment
Activity
Early Start
D 1 Schedule
23 45 67 8 9 1 11 12 13 1 15
0 4
A. Drill well 4
B. Deliver 2
material
C. Excavate 5
D. Power line 3
E. Pump house 3
F. Assemble tank 4
G. Foundation 4
H. Install pipe 6
34
I. Install pump 2
Planning & Scheduling

Scheduling & Resource

Assignment
Resource Assignment
Major consideration:
Maximum number of resources
available during each time
period
Eliminate peaks and valleys in
resource requirements
Resource leveling

35
REMINDERS
Assessment Exam Part 3:
- May 24, 2017

Scope of the exam:

- Concrete Design
- Steel Design
- Timber Design
- Surveying 1 & 2
- Water Supply and Sewarage
- Construction and Management

36
REMINDERS
Exam Schedule:
7:00 am 10:00 am:
5ceC & 5ceA
10:00 am 1:00 pm:
5ceB

EXAM WILL START EXACTLY AT

7:00 AND 10:00

37
 END OF
LECTURE

PREPARED BY: ENGR. MARLOU MICO MALABUYOC