Architectural Drawing

History and Planning

 Architectural history in house
construction.

Why are historical trends important and

how do they influence the way we
build?
Where did settlers come from? Building Materials:

England Wood (#1)

Spain Stone

France Brick

Germany Glass (hand-made)

Historical Influence

Harsh Environment
Hand Tools
Land Clearing Req.
Human/Animal
Native Inhabitants Power

Environmental Considerations: Technology:

Historical House Styles

English styling:

Before 18th Century, Tudor style or

Elizabethan. Stone, brick or stucco- often
timbered, steep roof, diamond windows.

Georgian styling:

Early 1700s, Formal & symmetrical. Front

doors are pedimented, hip roof

Regency styling:

Late 1700s, Like Georgian, but finer details.

Often brick, painted white or yellow with hip
roof. Wall extensions/ copper bay or porch
roof with wrought iron.
New England Colonial (salt box) styling:

Symmetrical like Georgian- mostly wood,

steep rear roof to shed snow.

Garrison styling:

1st break in style- 2nd floor overhangs 1st floor

to aid in fighting off Indian raids.

Cape Cod styling:

Small gable roofed house, central chimney,

roof slopes to top of 1st floor- usually
symmetrical.

Southern Colonial styling:

2-story high porches to shade windows for

cooling.
Dutch Colonial styling:

Gambrel roof gives a full 2nd story, mostly

stone.

French Colonial styling:

New Orleans- Plastered faces- pink, yellow,

green. Fancy balcony iron scroll work.

Spanish styling:

Appearance of adobe walls, tiled roof, usually

enclosed patio. Ceilings with exposed
timbers.
Ranch styling:

Form Follows Function single story,

rambling, open look

Split Level styling:

flights of steps through entire house. Split

side-to-side, front-to-back.

Modern styling:

Geometric, flat roof, every element should

have a purpose- nothing useless
 Current Practices

How are houses constructed today and how

have they changed over the past few
decades?
House Designs: Foundation Materials:

Vary among many Block/Slab

styles
Concrete
Lots of angles
Pre-Cast (trucked to site)
Less attention to details

Environmental Framing and Finishing:

Considerations:
Lumber #1
Water/Waste
Composites/
Run-off Current
Laminates
Practices
Energy Use Steel Studding

Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning (HVAC) and Mechanical Considerations:

Heating sources (gas, oil, wood, coal, electric, alternates)

Electrical Requirements- plan for the future
Thermal & Ventilation Considerations (insulation, venting, landscape)
 Vocabulary
Habitation- Housing that someone is living in. Any
structure for living.
Home Economy- Planning a house for flow and use.
Framing- Building technique. Structural members of a
home
Foundation- Supporting structure for a building.
HVAC- Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
Solar/Wind Effects- Solar and wind on a home can
effect heating and air conditioning costs. Good
planning can use these effects.
 Future Planning

How can we plan and predict future

construction trends?
Environmental Considerations: Available Materials/Technology:

Wood- Less Woodland,

Global Warming Higher Costs
Intense Weather Polymers/Composites
Ice Melting Concrete/Steel
Glass/Ceramics
Smart Houses

Homes of the Future

2000- 6.1 billion people

Changing Economies
2050 8.9 billion people
Financial Concerns
47% increase
Population Centers

Population: Economy: