Architectural Concepts

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS
2ND SEMESTER 2015-2016

I. THEMATIC OR SYMBOLIC ARCHITECTURAL
CONCEPTS
II. FUNCTIONAL CONCEPTS
III. STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTS/ BIOTECTURE
V. TECHNOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
I. THEMATIC OR SYMBOLIC
1. Analogies literally relating architectural
form with other objects or processes.
a. Biological Analogy
Architecture Based on Anatomy
Concept of Organic Architecture
Parts of a Whole
Morphology: Science of Form
Form Follows Function
Influence of the Environment
Solomon Guggenheim Museum in New York
The Kaufman House Falling Water
b. Mechanical Analogy
Scientific evolution and Artistic Evolution
follow the same laws.
Movement and Function
Collaboration in the progressive
accumulation of technical knowledge
Precise destination and expression of
potentialities
The Centre Pompidou by Renzo Piano
Use of Bricks earth as main material
of the building
The Geodesic Dome by B. Fuller

c. Gastronomic Analogy
Demands the combination of materials of
strength, ideal sequence or plan, analysis
and testing of efficacies
Goes beyond scientific analysis; requires
intuition, imagination, enthusiasm, immense
amount of organizational skill
Example: Guggenheim Museum at Bilbao,
Spain by Frank Gehry
The Guggenheim Museum at Bilbao, Spain
d. Linguistic Analogy
Eloquence and Expression
Emotions and experiencing emotions
Vocabulary and composition
Example: Tadao Andos Chapel on the
Water
Tadao Andos Chapel of
Light
Sagrada Familia by Antoni Gaudi

e. Metaphors
Abstract relationships
Johnson and Johnson Building by Frank Lloyd Wright
f. Essences
Meanings
Issues
Symbols
Going beyond Programmatic Requirements
The Borobudur in Indonesia
g. Programmatic
Stated requirements
Example: Building Offices
h. Ideals
Universal Values
Highest Aspirations
Example: Gothic churches, Greek
Architecture
Gothic Churches
The Parthenon
1. Traditional Definition of good architecture
Classical Orders, Neo-Classical Orders (Concept)
Vitruvius Utilitas, Firmitas, Venustas
2. Architectural Programming
EXISTING STATE
The Setting
Cultural,
Social, Political,
Historical, Economic FUTURE STATE
Physical Conditions/ Site Mission
Data Goals
Geography, Climate Performance
Archaeology, Geology, Requirements
Client/User Profile Concepts
Demography,
Organizations, Needs,
Behavior
Constraints,
Legal, Financial,
Technical, Market
3. Optimization/ Satisfaction of Needs
Durand: There are only two problems in
architecture
1) in private buildings , how to provide the
optimum accommodation for the smallest
sum of money
2) in public building, how to provide the
maximum accommodation for a given
sum.
Ornament had nothing to do with
architectural beauty, since a building was
only beautiful when it satisfied a need.
Whether we consult our reason, or examine

ancient monuments, it is evident that the
primary purpose of architecture has never
been to please, nor has architectonic
decoration been its object.
Public and Private usefulness, and the
happiness and preservation of mankind,
are the aims of architecture.
4. Less is More Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe
The International Style:
The house is a machine to live in. the program for
building a house should be set out with the same
precision as that for building a machine.
Structural frame should be separately identified from
the space-enclosing walls.
House should be lifted on pilotises so the garden may
spread under it.
Roofs should be flat, capable of being used as a garden
Pitched roof disturbed the cubic of rectilinear form
Interior accommodation should be freely planned
The Villa Savoye

1. By Gravity
2. Post and lintel
3. Arches and Vaults
4. Flying Buttress
5. Domes
6. Frames
7. Tube Construction
8. Mushroom Construction
9. Stretched Membrane
10. Suspended Systems
11. Stratification
12. Prefabrication
IV. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPTS/
BIOTECTURE
1. Environmental Theory of Perception
Light and Color as a modifying element of
space; artificial or natural, light can be
manipulated by design to identify places
and to give places particular character.
BIOTECTURE
1. Environmental Theory of Perception
Le Corbusier: Architecture is the masterly,
correct and magnificent play of masses
brought together in light. Our eyes are
made to see forms in light. Thus, cubes,
cones, spheres, cylinders or pyramids are
the great primary forms which light reveals
to advantage; they are not only beautiful
forms, but the most beautiful forms.
BIOTECTURE
2. Organic Architecture
Each design component becomes an
essential part of the whole such that when
one is removed, the composition will be
incomplete.
Architecture is the process that organizes

and composes various interrelated forces
into a unified whole.
BIOTECTURE
2. Organic Architecture
The constituent parts of the whole may
seem discordant and disorganized but
never unrelated.
BIOTECTURE
3. Evolutionary Architecture
Architecture can create as nature creates.
A building can be seen as a living organism with
functional processes.
The overriding objective is to reach the
ultimate evolution of a design so that it is a
perfected culmination of function, form and
purpose within its limits of budget, materials
and so forth.
BIOTECTURE
4. Using what is there
Design takes off from the natural features
of the site. The concept is based on
available resources.
TECHNOLOGY applied science;
the branch of knowledge that deals with the
creation and use of technical means and their
interrelation with life, society and the
environment, drawing upon such subjects as
industrial arts, engineering, applied science and
pure science.
1. TECTONICS the art and science of shaping,
ornamenting or assembling materials in
building construction.
2. BAUHAUS: Aim was to unite art and
technology under a purified aesthetic that
removed all ornament and articulation
from form and stressed the beauty of
expressed function. Ornament was
considered a bourgeois decadence, if not
an actual crime Walter Gropius, Marcel
Breuer and Josef Albers

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ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS

2ND SEMESTER 2015-2016

The Geodesic Dome by B. Fuller

Sagrada Familia by Antoni Gaudi

Whether we consult our reason, or examine

The Villa Savoye

Architecture is the process that organizes

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