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Coca-Cola 19
Diet Coke 8
Dr. Pepper 5
Pepsi 13
Sprite 5
TOTAL 50
Soft Drink Relative Frequency Percent Frequency
Coca-Cola 0.38 38
Pepsi 0.26 26
Sprite 0.10 10
5
4
3
2
1
Do Not Do Not
Eat Eat
Eat Eat
Candy Total Candy Total
Candy Candy
Reg Reg
Reg Reg
y y y
x x x
Observation x y
1 -22 22
2 -33 49
3 2 8
4 29 -16
5 -13 10
6 21 -28
7 -13 27
8 -23 35
9 14 -5
10 3 -3
11 -37 48
12 34 -29
13 9 -18
14 -33 31
15 20 -16
16 -3 14
17 -15 18
18 12 17
19 -20 -11
20 -7 -22
60
50
40
30
20
10
Y
0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40
-10
-20
-30
-40
X
Data
Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
Size (number of
N n
elements)
Mean
Variance 2 s2
Standard Deviation s
Population Mean Sample Mean
x i x i
x
N n
Population Variance Sample Variance
( xi x )
2
( xi )
2
2
s
2
N n 1
Population Standard Deviation Sample Standard Deviation
2
s s 2
Population Coefficient of Variation Sample Coefficient of Variation
s
100 % 100 %
x
Skewness = 0
Skewness = negative
Skewness = positive
In a normal, bell-shaped distribution, the following applies:
x
+ 3
3 1 + 1
2 + 2
-2 2
Shaded area = .0228
1. Find the z-scores for each boundary of the range, =
1
2. Use Chebyshevs theorem to calculate the percentage, 1 2
20 30 40 30 1
37. a. z 2, z 2 1 .75 At least 75%
5 5 22
15 30 45 30 1
b. z 3, z 3 1 .89 At least 89%
5 5 32
22 30 38 30 1
c. z 1.6, z 1.6 1 .61 At least 61%
5 5 1.62
18 30 42 30 1
d. z 2.4, z 2.4 1 .83 At least 83%
5 5 2.42
12 30 48 30 1
e. z 3.6, z 3.6 1 .92 At least 92%
5 5 3.62
Population Sample
( x i x )( y i y ) ( xi x ) ( yi y )
xy s xy
n1
N
xy s xy
xy rxy
x y sx s y
x 6 11 15 21 27
y 6 9 6 17 2
x wx i i
w i
where:
xi = value of observation i
wi = weight for observation i
Credit
Grade Weight (w) w*x
Hours (x)
A 4 9 36
B 3 15 45
C 2 33 66
D 1 3 3
F 0 0 0
Sum: 60 150
x fM i i
where:
fi = frequency of class i
Mi = midpoint of class i
Rent ($) fi Mi f iM i
34 , 525
420-439 8 429.5 3436.0 x 493.21
440-459 17 449.5 7641.5 70
460-479 12 469.5 5634.0
480-499 8 489.5 3916.0
500-519 7 509.5 3566.5
520-539 4 529.5 2118.0
540-559 2 549.5 1099.0
560-579 4 569.5 2278.0
580-599 2 589.5 1179.0
600-619 6 609.5 3657.0
Total 70 34525.0
Sample Population
fi ( M i x ) fi ( M i )
2 2
s
2
2
n1 N
Rent ($) fi Mi Mi - x (M i - x )2 f i (M i - x )2
420-439 8 429.5 -63.7 4058.96 32471.71
440-459 17 449.5 -43.7 1910.56 32479.59
460-479 12 469.5 -23.7 562.16 6745.97
480-499 8 489.5 -3.7 13.76 110.11
500-519 7 509.5 16.3 265.36 1857.55
520-539 4 529.5 36.3 1316.96 5267.86
540-559 2 549.5 56.3 3168.56 6337.13
560-579 4 569.5 76.3 5820.16 23280.66
580-599 2 589.5 96.3 9271.76 18543.53
600-619 6 609.5 116.3 13523.36 81140.18
Total 70 208234.29
Continued