THE HISTORY OF

PUBLIC HEALTH
 DEFINITION OF HEALTH

THE STATE OF COMPLETE PHYSICAL, MENTAL

AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING AND NOT MERELY THE
ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR INFIRMITY WHO, 1947
 DEFINITION OF PUBLIC HEALTH

ACTIVITIES THAT SOCIETY UNDERTAKES TO ASSURE THE

CONDITIONS IN WHICH PEOPLE CAN BE HEALTHY, INCLUDING
ORGANIZED COMMUNITY EFFORTS TO PREVENT, IDENTIFY
AND COUNTER THREATS TO THE HEALTH OF THE PUBLIC.
 PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ACTIVITIES

HEALTH PROMOTION

DISEASE PREVENTION
 PREVENTION TRIANGLES

Tertiary
Tertiary Medical Care
Prevention Secondary
Medical Care

Secondary Primary Medical Care

Prevention
Clinical Preventive Services
Primary
Prevention Population Oriented Prevention
 ETHICAL VALUES
OF PUBLIC HEALTH

BENEFICENCE
NON-MALFEASANCE
AUTONOMY
SOCIAL JUSTICE
TRUTH-TELLING
 BALANCING ETHICAL CONFLICTS

PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE IS ALWAYS STRUGGLING TO

FIND THE CORRECT BALANCE BETWEEN RESPECT FOR
INDIVIDUAL AUTONOMY AND DECISION-MAKING AND
THE NEED FOR LIMITATIONS ON INDIVIDUALS IN ORDER
TO ACHIEVE SOCIAL JUSTICE.
 KEY EVENTS
IN THE
HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH
 KEY EVENTS
DID YOU KNOW THAT . . .

SOUTH CAROLINA HAD THE FIRST PROVINCIAL

HEALTH OFFICER IN AMERICA, IN 1712?
SOUTH CAROLINA HAD ITS FIRST WATER
PROTECTION REGULATIONS IN 1671?
 KEY EVENTS
SNOW AND CHOLERA

EPIDEMIOLOGY: MAPPING CASES OF CHOLERA AND

HOUSEHOLD USE OF WATER SOURCES REVEALED
PATTERN INVOLVING A SINGLE WATER PUMP
REMOVING THE HANDLE FROM THE BROAD STREET
PUMP ENDED THE EPIDEMIC
DEATH RATES FROM CHOLERA 1853-54
Water Population Cholera Deaths Deaths per
Company (1851) (1853-4) 100,000 Living
Southwark &
167,654 192 114
Vauxhall
Both
301,149 182 60
Companies
Lambeth 14,632 0 0

Water Number of Deaths From Deaths per

Company Houses Cholera 10,000 Houses
Southwark
40,046 1263 315
& Vauxhall
Lambeth 26,107 98 37
Rest of
256,423 1422 59
London
 DID YOU KNOW THAT . . .

IN AN 1881 REPORT THE SOUTH CAROLINE BOARD OF

HEALTH IDENTIFIED SWAMP DRAINAGE AS AN
IMPORTANT TOOL IN STOPPING MALARIA, 10 YEARS
BEFORE THE MOSQUITO WAS IDENTIFIED AS THE SPECIFIC
VECTOR OF THE DISEASE?
 MASSACHUSETTS AND THE SHATTUCK
REPORT
MASSACHUSETTS AND THE SHATTUCK REPORT
1850 REVIEW OF SANITATION PRACTICES AND THE POTENTIAL
FOR IMPROVING HEALTH STATUS BY ENFORCEMENT OF A
SANITARY CODE LED TO CREATION OF LOCAL BOARD OF
HEALTH IN MASSACHUSETTS.
THIS MOVEMENT SPREAD TO OTHER LOCALITIES.
SC STATE BOARD OF HEALTH
ESTABLISHED IN 1898.
 US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

MARINE HOSPITAL SERVICE

CREATED FROM CONCERN FOR PROTECTION AGAINST
IMPORTED INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND NEED TO CARE FOR SICK
SEAMEN
US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
UNIFORMED SERVICE ON CALL FOR LOCAL, NATIONAL OR
INTERNATIONAL SERVICE IN THE PROTECTION OF THE PUBLICS
HEALTH
 THE MUCKRAKERS
AND NEW AGENCIES

FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CREATED TO ADMINISTER

PURE FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT
SUPERFUND ADMINISTERED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT
 GREAT PUBLIC HEALTH ACHIEVEMENTS OF
THIS CENTURY
VACCINATION SAFER, HEALTHIER FOOD
MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY HEALTHIER MOTHERS AND
BABIES
SAFER WORKPLACES
FAMILY PLANNING
CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES FLOURIDATION OF
DRINKING WATER
DECLINE IN DEATHS FROM
CORONARY HEART RECOGNITION OF TOBACCO
DISEASE AND STROKE AS A HAZARD