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Archimedes Principle:
Where. . . FB g weight
FB is the magnitude of the resultant buoyant force in lb,
Mx 0 My 0 Mz 0
Static equilibrium must consist of both
conditions!
HYDROSTATICS
Static Equilibrium : Stability
B
Resultant Vertical
Wave?
Buoyant Force
FB
B
HYDROSTATICS
Changes in the Center of Gravity (3.2)
The Center of Gravity (G) is the point at which all of
the mass of the ship can be considered to be located (for
most problems).
Terminology! UPPERCASE for ship; lowercase for a
smaller weight.
of gravity of the
weight being BL
removed. G0 to Gf. K
CL
HYDROSTATICS
Changes in the Center of Gravity (3.2.1.3)
Port Starboard
When a small w
weight is shifted (but W gf L
not added or removed, CG
will move parallel to the Gf
weight shift but a much
w Go
smaller distance because it go
O
Bo
B1
FB
HYDROSTATICS
Metacenter (3.3)
B
K
Zero pt.
Quick Review
Finding KMT from the Curves of Form
For a draft of 10 ft
Curve 8
Genl Scale =
192
192*0.06 ft
KMT=11.5 ft
HYDROSTATICS
Metacentric Height (3.3.1.2)
The distance between the Center of Gravity (G)
and the Metacenter (M) is defined as the
Metacentric Height (GM).
MT
G
Zero pt.
HYDROSTATICS
Metacentric Height (3.3.1.2)
Why is GM important?
Zero
pt.
Bad (negative) GM!
The ship wants to roll over. G is
either too high or M is too low!
Zero
pt.
HYDROSTATICS
Metacentric Radius (3.3.2.2)
B and M are functions of the hull shape and are
generally constant over the life of the ship. G is
based on the weights and changes constantly.
Derivation of Equation
W
Go S
Gt O
Bo
Bf
B
L
L FB
HYDROSTATICS
Calculating Angle of List (3.4.2)
G
B
Zero
pt.
HYDROSTATICS
Calculating Angle of List (3.4.3)
Process:
A weight is moved a transverse
distance, causing a shift in the TCG, and
resulting in measurable inclination (list).
HYDROSTATICS
Inclining Experiment (3.5)
wt
GM
tan
The easiest way to do this experiment is to use
one set of weights at one distance off centerline.
Alas, this would have significant experimental
errors, so we measure the inclination with different
weights and different positions.
HYDROSTATICS
Inclining Experiment (3.5.1)
wt rise 1 y 1 1
GM slope
tan run x
HYDROSTATICS
Inclining Experiment (3.5.1)
Recall: We want to find the Center of Gravity
which can be found by the equation:
KG=KM-GM
Tm = ()(Ta + Tf )
HYDROSTATICS
Longitudinal Changes in the Center of Gravity
(3.6)
d AFT d FWD
l
F w
AP FP
L PP
HYDROSTATICS
Longitudinal Changes in the Center of Gravity
(3.6)
As the weight shifts forward, a new operating waterline is
created and the draft decreases aft and increases
forward.
d AFT d FWD
dTaft l
F w
AP FP
L PP
dTfwd
HYDROSTATICS
Longitudinal Changes in the Center of Gravity
(3.6)
We now have two similar triangles and will draw a
third which represents the change in trim.
wl
TRIM Taft T fwd
MT 1
Where MT1 is from the Curves of Form (2.10)
We use similar triangles (ratios) to find the change
in draft due to the weight shift.
Taft T fwd TRIM
d aft d fwd LPP
HYDROSTATICS
Longitudinal Changes in the Center of Gravity
(3.6)
Example: You have a 1000
x 200 x 90 foot tanker
(100,000 LT) with F at Stn 6. It
has zero TRIM. You move
1000 LT of oil 450 ft aft. What
is the new draft at the stern?
MT1~ IL/420L=150,000 FTLT/in