KOHASA ENGINEERING COMPANY LIMITED

MARCH, 2012

PUMPS DESIGN

By

AYAH AYIBAIFIE R.
 RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
INCLUDE Its up to you to include the whole team

I I dont have all the answers

N Need to include the whole team

C Collective thinking is powerful

L Learn by listening

U Understand we think differently

D Dont think my way is the only way

E Establish the best possible outcome together

 INTRODUCTION

Pumps are mechanical devices used in production facilities to move

liquid from a low pressure or low elevation location to one of a
higher pressure or elevation.

Pumps accelerate the speed at which a commodity travels within a

pipe, thereby increasing its rate of flow.

NOTE

Wherever possible it is usually advantageous to locate equipment

and select operating pressures in such a manner as to minimize the
need for pumping or to minimize the volume for pumping. For
example, if produced water is to flow from a CPI to a flotation unit, it
is beneficial to locate the flotation unit at a lower elevation and
remove the necessity for pumping.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

Pumps used in piping facilities will be one of the following classifications:

Centrifugal,

Reciprocating, and

Rotary.
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Centrifugal Pumps have a rotating impeller, also known as a blade,
that is immersed in the liquid. Liquid enters the pump near the axis
of the impeller, and the rotating impeller sweeps the liquid out
toward the ends of the impeller blades at high pressure. The
impeller also gives the liquid a relatively high velocity that can be
converted into pressure in a stationary part of the pump, known as
the diffuser. This creates a smooth non-pulsating rate of flow.

A centrifugal pump generally has a valve in the discharge line to

control the flow and pressure.

The efficient operation of the centrifugal pump makes it the standard

of most piping facilities.
 RECIPROCATING PUMPS

The reciprocating pump are positive displacement pumps that uses

internal parts, similar to a piston or plunger, that alternately move
back and forth to create pressure.

With each stroke of the piston, pressure is increased forcing the

commodity out of the pump.

The reciprocating pump is installed in piping systems where

extremely high pressures are required.
 ROTARY PUMP

The rotary pump is similar to the reciprocating pump in that it is a

positive displacement type. Rotary pumps use mechanical devices
such as pistons, gears, or screws to discharge a commodity at a
smooth, continuous rate of flow. It performs without creating the
extreme pressure surges often associated with the reciprocating
pump.

Hence they usually are installed for services which require high heads
at moderate capacities.
DEFINITIONS

Cavitation: A phenomenon that may occur along the flow path in a pump
when the absolute pressure equals the liquid vapor pressure at flowing
temperature. Bubbles then form which later implode when the pressure
rises above the liquid vapor pressure.
NPSHA: The NPSHA is the net pressure above the vapor pressure of the
liquid being pumped, available at the pump suction to avoid cavitation.
NPSHR: The NPSHR is the net pressure above the vapor pressure of the
liquid being pumped, required at the pump suction to avoid cavitation.
Rated flow rate: The maximum operating flowrate (including all
foreseeable operating mode) plus an opportune oversizing factor
 PUMP SIZING CALCULATIONS METHODS

The following methodology is used in pumps calculation

1. Calculate the absolute total pressure at pump suction

2. Calculate the absolute total pressure at pump discharge

3. Determine the required differential head

4. Determine the pump hydraulic power

5. Determine the pump actual horse power

6. Calculate NPSHA
 INPUT DATA SYMBOLS UNITS

Design temperature T oC

Rated flow rate (Note 1) Q m3/h

Fluid density kg/m3
Fluid vapor pressure at 30oC Pv kpa-abs
Static height at suction (Note 2) Hs m
Static height at discharge HD m
Specific gravity or relative density s.g. or RD -
Efficiency at rated capacity e %
Acceleration due to gravity g m/s
Example 1

Liquid propane, at its bubble point, is to be pumped from a reflux drum

to a depropanizer. The maximum flow rate is expected to be 82 m3/h.
The pressures in the vessels are 1380 and 1520 kPa (abs)
respectively. The relative density of propane at the pumping
temperature (38C) is 0.485. The elevations and estimated frictional
pressure losses are shown on Fig.1. The pump curves are shown in
Fig. 2. The pump nozzles elevations are zero and the velocity head at
nozzles is negligible.
Fig 1. Depropanizer
ABSOLUTE TOTAL PRESSURE AT PUMP SUCTION (Pts)
Reflux drum 1380 kPa (abs)
Elevation 6m 0.999 0.485 9.807 = +28.5 kPa
Friction piping 3.5 kPa
valves 1.4 kPa
1403.6 kPa (abs)
= 1302.3 kPa (ga)
ABSOLUTE TOTAL PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE (Ptd)
Tower 1520 kPa (abs)
Elevation 22.5 m 0.999 0.485 9.807 = +106.9 kPa
Friction piping +20.7 kPa
valves +13.8 kPa
orifice +8.3 kPa
filter +89.6 kPa
check valve +6.9 kPa
control valve +62.1 kPa
1828.3 kPa (abs)
= 1727.0 kPa (ga)
REQUIRED DIFFERENTIAL HEAD , H

Differential Pressure, Ptd - Pts = 1727 1302.3 = 424.7 kPa

Differential head H = (424.7)

(0.485)(0.999)(9.807)

= 89.4 m

10% safety factor = 9m

Required differential head (H) 98.4 m

CALCULATION OF NPSHA

Reflux drum pressure 1380 kPa (abs)

Elevation 6 m 0.999 0.485 9.807 = +28.5 kPa

Friction valves = 1.4 kPa

Piping = 3.5 kPa

Fluid vapor pressure 1380 kPa (abs)

23.6 kPa

NPSHA = 23.6/(0.999 0.485 9.807)

= 5.0 m
CALCULATION OF HYDRAULIC POWER
hyd kW = Q H RD

367

hyd kW = (82) (98.4) (0.485)

367

= 10.67 kW
CALCULATION OF ACTUAL HORSEPOWER
bkW = hyd kW
e

= 10.67 kW

0.62

= 17.2 bkW