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Concrete Structure
Seismic Design of Concrete
Structure
Earthquakes occur in many regions of the world. In certain
locations where the intensity of the ground shaking is
small, the designer does not have to consider seismic
effects.
25m
18m
S D1W
V
T R I
S D1 0.10
W 8(25)(18)(6) 21600kN
T 0.048820 0.462
3
4
R 4Shear Wall
I 1
0.1021600
V 4
1169kN
0.462( 1 )
Vmin 0.0441( IS DSW ) 0.0441(1)(0.21)21600 200kN
S DSW 0.21(21600)
Vmax 1134kN
R 4
I 1
T=0.462 < 0.5 then k=1
Note:
Column 4 = column 3a * Column 2
)Fx = column 5 * (V = 1134))
Vx = cumulative column 6
Mx = moment from Fx can calculated from shear Area
Shear Wall Design
Introduction
Shear walls provide a
high in-plane stiffness and
strength for both lateral and
gravity loads, and are ideally
suitable for tall buildings,
especially those conceived in
reinforced concrete. Tall
buildings designed to carry the
entire lateral loading through
shear walls can be economical to
heights of around 40 stories.
Taller structures should combine
shear walls with other structural
systems.
Shear Wall design
Shear Wall Design Steps
1- Calculate External Load
Mu
Vu
Pu
lb (0.2 0.25)lw
bw
lw
lb (0.2 0.25)lw
bb bw
lw
3- Longitudinal Reinforcement
'
fc
Ash 0.09 S hc h
f yh
Ag fc' b bc
Ash 0.3 S hc 1
Ach f yh hc
Moment Shear
Force
bw 0.2m
lw 4m
2- boundary element check
0.24
3 3
bl
Ig w w 1.067
12 12
1500 8800 2 6
fc *10 18.4MN / m 0.2(30) 6Mpa
2
0.2 4 1.067
Boundary element required
0.8 (0.2 0.25)4
bw 0.2 bb 0.3
lw 4
3- Longitudinal Reinforcement
Acv f c'
730.3kN Vu 660kN
200(4000) 30
6 6
Minimum reinforcement
Acv f c'
Vu for bar 16
6
v 0.0012 Asv 0.00121000200 240mm2 2.4cm 2
S max 45cm
use 12 @ 25cmeach direction
h 0.0020 Asv 0.0021000200 400mm2 4cm 2
S max 45cm
use 12 @ 25cmeach direction
4- Verify adequacy of shear wall section at its base under
combined axial load and bending moment
M u 8800 106 N .m
Pu 1500 103 N
Ag 4 2 0.8 0.2 20.8 0.3 1m 2 1106 mm2
Mu 8800 106
2.2 MPa 0.31ksi
Ag lw 110 4000
6
lb (0.2 0.25)lw
Pu 1500 103
1.5MPa 0.21ksi
Ag 110 6
bb bw
0.9
0.01 lw
As Ag 0.01(1106 ) 10000mm2 100cm 2
Asb As Asv 100 ( 02..256 2 1.13) 76.5cm 2
38.25cm 2 for each boundary element use 1618
5- Boundary element transverse reinforcement
'
h
fc
Ash 0.09 S hc
f yh
b bc
Ag fc'
Ash 0.3 S hc 1
Ach f yh hc
Check short direction
Check short direction
2(0.79) 1.6cm2
Design Example
Design Shear wall 1 & 2 in the figure below
Gaza City
3.0 3.0
D.L=8kN/m2
5.0 5.0
2
L.L=2.5kN/m2
7.5
5.0
20.0
5.0
10
5.0
1
3.0 L 3.0
5.0
20.0
1- calculate the length of shear wall 1
y
3.0 3.0
n
I i yi
y 5.0
i 1 I i
2
7.5
53 0.2 x
I2 2.08,
20.0
12
y2 7.5 10
L3 0.2 1
I1 0.0166 L3 ,
3.0 L 3.0
12 20.0
y1 10
n
I i yi I1 y1 I 2 y2 2.08(7.5) 0.0166 L3 (10)
y 0
i 1 I i I1 I 2 I1 I 2
2.08(7.5) 0.0166 L3 (10) 0
L1 4.5m
2- Seismic Shear for the total building
S D1W
V
T R I
S D1 0.10
W 8(20)( 20)(5) 16000kN
T 0.048825 0.55
3
4
R 4Shear Wall
I 1.25
0.1016000
V 4
909kN
0.55( 1.25 )
Vmin 0.0441( IS DSW ) 0.0441(1.25)(0.21)16000 185.2kN
S DSW 0.21(16000)
Vmax 1050kN
R 4
I 1.25
For the total Building
T=0.55> 0.5 k 1 T 20.5 1.025
V = 909 kN y
M =16726 kN.m
For shear walls
Vi (a b) V
M i ( a b) M
Ii
a n
I
i 1
i
b
I i yi
C.R 0.05( L)
I iy yi I ix xi
2 2
In this example without neglect the effect of twist force
2
3.0 3.0
For shear wall No. 1 5.0
2
7.5
20.0
0.24.53
Ii
a 12
0.42
0.24.5
0.253
n 3
I
10
12 12
i
1
i 1 3.0 L 3.0
b
0.24.53
12 10 (0.05 20)
20.0
0.24.53
(10) 2 0.253
(7.5) 4
2 0.233
(10) 2 1
12 12 12
b 0.024
3- In this example we will neglect the effect of twist force
2
3.0 3.0
For shear wall No. 1 5.0
2
0.24.53 7.5
Ii
a 12
0.42
0.24.5
0.253
n 3
Ii
20.0
12 12
i 1
10
20.0
a 0.58
Vi (a) V 0.58 909 528kN
M i (a) M 0.58 16726 9702kN.m
4- Shear wall design
boundary element check
0.24.5
3 3
bl
Ig w w 1.519
12 12
1500 7025 2.25 3
fc *10 12.072MN / m 0.2(30) 6Mpa
2
bw 0.2m
lw 4.5m
Longitudinal Reinforcement
Acv f c'
821.6kN Vu 382kN
200(4500) 30
6 6
Minimum reinforcement
Acv f c' for bar 16
Vu
6 v 0.0012 Asv 0.00121000200 240mm2 2.4cm 2
S max 45cm
use 12 @ 25cmeach direction
h 0.0020 Asv 0.0021000200 400mm2 4cm 2
S max 45cm
use 12 @ 25cmeach direction
Verify adequacy of shear wall section at its base under
combined axial load and bending moment
M u 8800 106 N .m
Pu 1500 103 N
Ag 4.5 0.2 0.9m 2 0.9 106 mm2
Mu 7025 106
1.73MPa 0.25ksi
Ag lw
0.9 10 4500
6
Pu 1500 103 0.9 (0.2) 4.5
1.66MPa 0.24ksi
Ag 0.9 10 6
bw 0.2m
0.9
lw 4.5m
0.01
As Ag 0.01(0.9 106 ) 9000mm2 90cm 2
Asb As Asv 90 ( 4.50.225( 0.9) 2 1.13) 65.6cm 2
32.8cm 2 for each boundary element use 1616
Boundary element transverse reinforcement
'
h
fc
Ash 0.09 S hc
f yh
b bc
Ag fc'
Ash 0.3 S hc 1
Ach f yh hc
Check short direction
Check short direction
S 100mm
hc 90 2(3 1.8) 80.4cm
bc 20 2(3 1.8) 10.4cm
'
fc 30
Ash 0.09 S hc 0.09(100)(104) 66.8mm2 0.7cm 2
f yh 420
2(0.79) 1.6cm2