UNIT 1

GREEN BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE

 What is Environment???

Everything which surrounds us may collectively be

termed as Environment.
It includes living things and natural forces.
Living things do not simply exists in their
environment but they constantly interact with it.
It deals with the interaction amongst plants,
animals, soil, water, temperature, light and other
living and non-living things.
 CONTENT

weather
climate
Elements of weather and
climate.
Measuring the weather
 Weather

Weather is the day-to-day conditions of a particular place.

Most weather phenomena occur in the troposphere, just

below the stratosphere.

Weather is driven by air pressure (temperature and moisture)

differences between one place and another.

These pressure and temperature differences can occur due

to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by
latitude from the tropics.

Higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes due to

differences in compressional heating.
 On Earth, temperatures usually range 40C (100F to
40F) annually.
The coldest air temperature ever recorded on Earth is
89.2C (128.6F), at Vostok Station, Antarctica on 21 July
1983.
The hottest air temperature ever recorded was 57.7C
(135.9F) at 'Aziziya, Libya, on 13 September 1922.
However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies.
A star's corona is constantly being lost to space, creating
what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the
Solar System.
The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as
the solar wind.
Different types of weather

Sunny weather Cold weather

Rainy weather Rainy with Thunder

 Climate

Climate is the average weather in a place over many years or

the average weather, usually over a 30-year interval.

It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in

temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation
etc.

It takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change.

Climate is different from weather, in that weather only describes

the short-term conditions.

The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, and

altitude, as well as nearby water bodies and their currents.
Elements of Weather and Climate

There are several elements that make up the weather and climate of a
place. The major of these elements are five:

Temperature
pressure
wind
humidity
precipitation
Analysis of these elements can provide the basis for
forecasting weather and defining its climate. These same
elements make also the basis of climatology study, of course,
within a longer time scale rather than it does in meteorology.
 Temperature is how hot or cold the atmosphere is, how
many degrees it is above or below freezing. Temperature is
a very important factor in determining the weather,
because it influences or controls other elements of the
weather, such as precipitation, humidity, clouds and
atmospheric pressure.
Wind is the movement of air masses, especially on
the Earth's surface.

Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the

atmosphere.
 Precipitation is the product of a rapid
condensation process (if this process is slow, it
only causes cloudy skies). It may include snow,
hail, sleet, drizzle, fog, mist and rain.
Atmospheric pressure (or air pressure) is the
weight of air resting on the earth's surface.
Pressure is shown on a weather map, often called a
synoptic map, with lines called isobars.
 Measuring the weather
Weather stations are places where a variety of
instruments are used to record regular data on the weather. The
most important instruments used in a weather station are shown
below.
Hygrometers
Rain gauges
Barometers
Maximum and
minimum thermometers
Hygrometers
Hygrometers are special thermometers that
measure humidity by calculating the amount of
water vapour in the air.
Rain gauges
Rain gauges are containers that collect and
measure rainfall or any other form of precipitation.
Levels of rainfall are measured in millimetres
(mm).
 Barometers
Barometers are used to measure atmospheric
pressure. They may be either mercury or aneroid
(vacuum) barometers. Often they are attached to a
pen that charts movements in pressure on a piece
of paper. The resulting chart is called a barograph.
Maximum and minimum
thermometers
Maximum and minimum thermometers measure
the highest and lowest temperature in degrees
celsius. From the lowest temperatures to the highest
temperatures.
THANKYOU

Presented by
Abdul rab
12131AA002