HARDWARE CHALLENGES

How to Design IoT Systems

IoT Bulgaria Summit 2016
 A Set Of Benefits? Or Expectations?

Save Resources
Increase Productivity
Improve Our Health
Enable New Services
To Free Our Time
To Make Our Life Better

Improving Humans Is A Complicated Problem

For every complex
problem there is a
solution that is
clear, simple
and wrong.

H. L. Mencken

Maybe IoT Is Such A Wrong Solution?

Why?

Social Acceptance Manipulation

Privacy Control
Data Confidentiality Personal Freedom
Intellectual Property Complexity
Tracking Technical Challenges
What Are The Predictions?

We Already Have 10+ Billion IoT Devices

In 10 Years It Is Expected Their Count To Be 50 - 100 Billion
The Expected Financial Impact Will Be $11+ Trillion

What Does It Mean?

What Do We Need To Do?

Solve All Social Issues

Decide The Level Of Intelligence
Create Reliable, Ubiquitous Network Connectivity
Cope With Noise And Interference
Provide Unlimited Electrical Power

Lets Go Deeper
Noise

Data Noise
Radio Noise
Electrical Interference

What Do I Mean?
Can You Make A Call?
Do You Think Youll Be Able To Upload Your Selfie?
In Electronics We Can Use
Shielding And Filtering To Protect
From Noise Like We Use Umbrellas.
It Works Perfect For The Rain,
But
No Matter How Many
Umbrellas We Have They
Will Not Stop The Tsunami
Dr. Alexei Nikitin, TEDx
Network and Connectivity

Unlimited And Uninterrupted Internet Connection

50-100 Billion Unique Identifiers
Cope With Collisions And Other Issues

How Much It Will Cost?

How Much It Is Going To Cost?

Do The Math:

Assume That The Internet Connection In 2025 For A Device

Will Cost $0.1 / Month

$0.1 50 Billion = $5 Billion / Month

Who Will Pay It?

What About Electricity?

IoT Will Require Enormous Amount Of Electrical Energy

More Math:

Average Consumption Of ESP8266 Is 80 mA

P module = I x U = 0,08A x 3V = 0,24 W
P total = 50 x 109 x 0,24 W = 12 000 MW
= 6X The Capacity Of Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant
E = $1,5 Billion / Hour
We cannot solve the
problems with the
same level of
thinking that
created them
How To Develop IoT Systems?
Who Are ZEKENG?

ZEK Engineering Is A Hardware Designer Studio

Established In 2007 As A Freelancing Company By 2
Engineers
For 9 Active Years They Finished 150+ Projects
I Joined The Company 6 Years Ago Part Time
I Have Been Working Full Time For The Last 2 Years
I Am Responsible For Customer Relations, Business
Development And The Internal Projects

What ZEKENGs Team Has Achieved Over The Time In

Partnership With Italian Designer Company
Worked On A Product Called
Free Power Jump By
Not Only Jumps But Free Sense
This Started In 2011 !!!

It Was Done Before The ESP8266 Era

When There Were No Tri-axial
Accelerometers And Gyroscopes
And Each Of These Sensors Cost About $30
Kippy Pet Finder 2013
GPS, GPRS & Bluetooth
Sensoria by
2014
In The Period 2014 - 2016

Advanced Power Grid Quality Monitoring Systems

IoT Motorcycles & Cars
Multipurpose Temperature Monitoring Systems
Intelligent Air Cleaning Systems
Home/Office Automation Systems
Antitheft Systems
GPS Trackers
People Meters
Flood/Smoke/Gas Detectors & Alarms
The Ultimate IoT Design Algorithm
ACCORDING TO US
What Is An IoT System?

INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

MICROCONTROLLER

SENSOR 1 ACTUATOR 1

SENSOR 2 USER ACTUATOR 2

INTERFACE

SENSOR N ACTUATOR M
The Ultimate IoT Design Algorithm

1. Data & Actions 6. Application Logic

2. User Interface 7. Power Supply
3. Security 8. MCU
4. Data Representation 9. Development Tools
5. Internet Connection 10. Other
 1A. Data

Temperature Light
Parameters:
Humidity Motion Precision
Data Rate
Sensors Pressure Smoke Interface/Protocol
Power
Weight Gas Consumption
Price
Noise Proximity
1B. Actions

Relays
Parameters:
Valves Precision
Speed
Actuators PWM Interface/Protocol
Power
Steppers Consumption
Price
Other
2. User Interface

Display

Touch Screen Parameters:

Interface/Protocol
User
Buttons Power
Interface
Consumption
Pots Price
LEDs
3. Security (From HW Perspective)

What Will Be The Level Of Security?

Can We Use Standard Solution?
Do We Need Additional Hardware?
What Computation Power Will Be Needed?
4. Data Representation

Do We Need Special Conversions (Phase Correction,

Integration)?
What Accuracy Is Needed?
Do We Need Raw Or Processed Data?
Do We Need Compression?
5. Internet Connection & Protocols

Connectivity Protocols
Wi-Fi or LAN? HTTP, TCP, UDP
GPRS/3G/4G MQTT, AMQP
Bluetooth Z-Wave
ZigBee Thread
Sub 1GHz LoRaWAN
Other Other
6. Application Logic

What Amount Of The Application Logic Will Be

Implemented On The IoT Device?
Centralized Or Decentralized System?
What Level Of Intelligence?
7. Power Supply

DC-DC Adaptor?
Battery Rechargeable Or Not?
Both?
Energy Harvesting?
8. Microcontroller

How Much Computational Power? DSP?

How Much Memory (RAM, Flash)?
Do We Need Non-volatile Memory? (EEPROM)
Do We Need RTC? How Accurate?
Do We Need Low Power Modes? (Battery Power Supply)
SoC Or SoM?
9. Development Tools

Hardware Software
Evaluation Kits Compiler Price/License
Oscilloscope IDE
Other Calibration Tools Server Environments
Debugger (JTAG) Other Software
Interfaces (USB->RS232) OS (Real Time / Multitasking)
10. Other

Schematic Design
PCB Design
3D Design
Software
Firmware
Sophisticated Algorithms
Do We Have Time?
System For Temperature And
Humidity Control
EXAMPLE
 Example: Requirements

T H S PIR Wi-Fi RELAY IR Wi-Fi

ALARM ALARM

MICROCONTROLLER MICROCONTROLLER
LED LED
INDICATOR INDICATOR

T H
THERMOSTAT ACTUATOR
BATTERY POWER SUPPLY GRID POWER SUPPLY
Example: The Ultimate Algorithm

1. Data & Actions 6. Business Logic

2. User Interface 7. Power Supply
3. Security 8. MCU
4. Data Representation 9. Development Tools
5. Internet Connection 10. Other
 Example: Data (Thermostat)

Wi-Fi

TEMP SENSOR

HUMIDITY SENSOR
LED INDICATOR
MOTION SENSOR MICROCONTROLLER

SMOKE DETECTOR ALARM

T/H ADJUSTMENT

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY POWER GRID

Example: Actions (Actuator)

Wi-Fi

LED INDICATOR

ALARM
MICROCONTROLLER

RELAY

INFRA RED

POWER SUPPLY

POWER GRID
Example: Data Representation &
Security
Data Representation:
- Binary, Fixed Point, TCP
- | UID | TS | TEMP | HUM | MOTION | ALARM | CS |
Use Embedded Security Options
 Example: Internet Connection & NW
Topology
CLOUD SERVICE

INTERNET

REMOTE
Wi-Fi GATEWAY CLIENT

ACTUATOR ACTUATOR ACTUATOR LOCAL

THERMOSTAT
HUMIDITY HEATER COOLER CLIENT
Example: Application Logic

All Devices Connect Virtually To The Cloud Service

We Need Device Interaction
Actuators Should Implement The Part Of The Application
 Example: Power Supply

Wi-Fi
3.3V
UART
I2C
TEMP SENSOR
I2C
HUMIDITY SENSOR PWM
UART LED INDICATOR
MOTION SENSOR MICROCONTROLLER
GPIO PWM
SMOKE DETECTOR ALARM
ADC
T/H ADJUSTMENT
3.3V; 5V
3.0V 1.8V
POWER SUPPLY
3.3V; 5V
2.4V 4.2V 5V
BATTERY POWER GRID
Example: Microcontroller

Wide Power Supply Range: 2.1 3.6V

SoC Wi-Fi ARM Core + ARM Cortex M4 @ 80MHz
Hibernate Low Power Mode 4A
12-bit ADC, SD/MMC, 4 Timers, PWM, RTC
SPI, I2C, UART
Hardware Crypto Engine
Hardware CRC and Checksum
IP Stack
TCP/UDP Sockets
Example: Development Tools
SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 module LaunchPad
SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 Software Development Kit (SDK)
Code Composer Studio (CCS) or IAR
JTAG XDS100
TI RTOS
YOU CAN DO IoT!
But Would You?
Or
You Will Try To Avoid The IoT Hype?
You can avoid reality,
but you cannot avoid
the consequences of
avoiding reality

Ayn Rand
 Thank you!
email: emil.k@zekeng.com
phone: +359 88 531 2217
www: http://www.zekeng.com/contact-us/
Fb: https://www.facebook.com/zekengineering/

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