Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier

Waveforms
Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
 Performance Parameters

Average value of the output voltage, Vdc

Average value of the output current, Idc
Output dc power, Pdc
Pdc = VdcIdc
rms value of the output voltage, Vrms
Output ac power, Pac
Pac = VrmsIrms
 Performance Parameters (continued)

Efficiency,
= Pdc/Pac
Effective (rms) value of the ac component
of the output voltage, Vac
Vac = Vrms2 Vdc2
Form factor, FF
FF = Vrms/Vdc
Ripple factor, RF
RF = Vac/Vdc
 Performance Parameters (continued)

Alternate form for ripple factor

V
R F ( ) 1 FF 1
rms 2 2

V dc

Transformer utilization factor, TUF

TUF = Pdc/VsIs
Vs, Is are rms voltage and current of the
transformer secondary
Input Voltage and Current
 Performance Parameters (continued)

Displacement angle,
Displacement Factor, DF
DF = cos()
Harmonic Factor, HF
1

I I 2
I 2
1
2

HF ( ) ( ) 1
s s1 2 s 2

I I
2

s1 s1
 Performance Parameters (continued)

Power Factor, PF

VI I
PF cos cos
s s1 s1

VI s s
I s
 Performance Parameters (continued)

Crest Factor, CF

I
CF s ( peak )

I s
 Example 3.1

Determine , FF, RF, TUF, PIV of the

diode, CF of the input current, input PF.
 Determine the Average Voltage, Vdc

1
V
T

dc
v L
(t )dt
T 0

T
1
V sin tdt
2

dc
V m
T 0

V T
V (cos m
1)
dc
T 2
 1
f
T
2 f
V
V m
0.318V
dc
m

V 0.318V
I
dc
dc m

R R
 Determine the rms Voltage, Vrms
1

V 1 T

v (t )dt
2 2

rms
T 0
L

1

T
1 2

V (V sin t ) dt
2
2

T
rms
0 m

V
V rms
0.5V
m
m
2
V 0.5V
I rms
rms m

R R
 Determine Pdc, Pac, and

(0.318V ) 2

P
dc
m

R
(0.5V ) 2

P
ac
m

R
(0.318V ) 2

40.5%
m

(0.5V ) m
2
 Determine FF and RF

V 0.5V
FF rms
m

V dc
0.318V m

FF 1.57 157%
R F FF 12

R F 1.57 1 1.21 121%

2
 Determine the TUF
1

V 1
(V sin t ) dt
T V
0.707V
2
2
m
s
T 0 m
2
m

0.5V
I I
s load
m

R
(0.318V ) m
2

P R
T UF dc

VI 0.5V
(0.707V )(
s s ) m
m

R
T UF 0.286
 Determine the PIV

PIV is the maximum (peak) voltage that

appears across the diode when reverse
biased. Here, PIV = Vm.

- - PIV +

+
Determine CF
I s ( peak )
CF
Is
Vm
I s ( peak )
R
0.5Vm
Is
R
Vm
CF R 2
0.5Vm
R
 Determine PF

Pac
PF cos
VA
2
(0.5Vm )
PF R 0.707
0.5Vm
(0.707Vm )( )
R
 Summary Half-Wave Rectifier

RF=121% High
Efficiency = 40.5 Low
TUF = 0.286 Low
1/TUF = 3.496
transformer must be 3.496 times larger than
when using a pure ac voltage source
Half-Wave Rectifier with R-L Load
 Waveforms of Current and Voltage

Conduction period of D1 extends beyond t =

 Average Output Voltage

Vm
Vdc
2
0
sin td (t )

Vm
cos t 0

Vdc
2
Vm
Vdc 1 cos( )
2
Vdc
I dc
R
Increase average voltage and current by making = 0
Waveforms with Dm installed
Application as a Battery Charger

Diode conducts for vs > E,

starting when Vmsin = E
Waveforms for the Battery Charger

Diode turns off when

vs < E (at = )
Charging current
io = (vs E)/R
io = (Vmsint E)/R
for < t <
Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

Center-Tapped Transformer
Waveforms for the Full-Wave Rectifier

T
2
2
Vdc Vm sin t
T 0
2Vm
Vdc

Vdc 0.636Vm
Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier

PIV = 2Vm
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
Waveforms for the Full-Wave Bridge
 Full-Wave Bridge with Waveforms

Conduction pattern
D1 D2 D3 D4
PIV = Vm