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Waveforms
Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier
Performance Parameters
Efficiency,
= Pdc/Pac
Effective (rms) value of the ac component
of the output voltage, Vac
Vac = Vrms2 Vdc2
Form factor, FF
FF = Vrms/Vdc
Ripple factor, RF
RF = Vac/Vdc
Performance Parameters (continued)
V dc
Displacement angle,
Displacement Factor, DF
DF = cos()
Harmonic Factor, HF
1
I I 2
I 2
1
2
HF ( ) ( ) 1
s s1 2 s 2
I I
2
s1 s1
Performance Parameters (continued)
Power Factor, PF
VI I
PF cos cos
s s1 s1
VI s s
I s
Performance Parameters (continued)
Crest Factor, CF
I
CF s ( peak )
I s
Example 3.1
1
V
T
dc
v L
(t )dt
T 0
T
1
V sin tdt
2
dc
V m
T 0
V T
V (cos m
1)
dc
T 2
1
f
T
2 f
V
V m
0.318V
dc
m
V 0.318V
I
dc
dc m
R R
Determine the rms Voltage, Vrms
1
V 1 T
v (t )dt
2 2
rms
T 0
L
1
T
1 2
V (V sin t ) dt
2
2
T
rms
0 m
V
V rms
0.5V
m
m
2
V 0.5V
I rms
rms m
R R
Determine Pdc, Pac, and
(0.318V ) 2
P
dc
m
R
(0.5V ) 2
P
ac
m
R
(0.318V ) 2
40.5%
m
(0.5V ) m
2
Determine FF and RF
V 0.5V
FF rms
m
V dc
0.318V m
FF 1.57 157%
R F FF 12
V 1
(V sin t ) dt
T V
0.707V
2
2
m
s
T 0 m
2
m
0.5V
I I
s load
m
R
(0.318V ) m
2
P R
T UF dc
VI 0.5V
(0.707V )(
s s ) m
m
R
T UF 0.286
Determine the PIV
- - PIV +
+
Determine CF
I s ( peak )
CF
Is
Vm
I s ( peak )
R
0.5Vm
Is
R
Vm
CF R 2
0.5Vm
R
Determine PF
Pac
PF cos
VA
2
(0.5Vm )
PF R 0.707
0.5Vm
(0.707Vm )( )
R
Summary Half-Wave Rectifier
RF=121% High
Efficiency = 40.5 Low
TUF = 0.286 Low
1/TUF = 3.496
transformer must be 3.496 times larger than
when using a pure ac voltage source
Half-Wave Rectifier with R-L Load
Waveforms of Current and Voltage
Vm
cos t 0
Vdc
2
Vm
Vdc 1 cos( )
2
Vdc
I dc
R
Increase average voltage and current by making = 0
Waveforms with Dm installed
Application as a Battery Charger
Center-Tapped Transformer
Waveforms for the Full-Wave Rectifier
T
2
2
Vdc Vm sin t
T 0
2Vm
Vdc
Vdc 0.636Vm
Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier
PIV = 2Vm
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier
Waveforms for the Full-Wave Bridge
Full-Wave Bridge with Waveforms
Conduction pattern
D1 D2 D3 D4
PIV = Vm