2-Free Air correction.

To apply an elevation correction to our observed gravity, we need to know the

elevation of every gravity station. If this is known, we can correct all of the observed
gravity readings to a common elevation16 (usually chosen to be sea level) by adding
-0.3086 times the elevation of the station in meters to each reading. Given the
relatively large size of the expected corrections, how accurately do we actually need
to know the station elevations?
If we require a precision of 0.01 mgals, then relative station elevations need to be
known to about 3 cm. To get such a precision requires very careful location
surveying to be done. In fact, one of the primary costs of a high-precision gravity
survey is in obtaining the relative elevations needed to compute the Free-Air
correction.

a- It is a correction for change in elevation.

b- F.A. is calculated by
F. A. = 0.3086 x h mgal/m
c- The F.A.C. is added to the field reading when the station is above the datum and
subtracted when below.
1
 2 3
4 7
1 6 8
5 9 10 Datum

For Stations 1,2,3,4,7 F.A.C. is added

For Stations 5,9,10 F.A.C. is Subtracted
For Stations 6,8 F.A.C. is Zero

3- Bouguer correction.
1- It is account for attraction of materials between the stations and the datum plane.
2- We have to consider that the stations are located on a plateau of horizontal extent
has uniform thickness and density.
3- B.C. is calculated by
B.C. = 0.04191 ph mgal
4- B.C is applied in the opposite sense to F.A.C. , it is subtracted when the stations
Are above the datum and vice versa.

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Also notice that to apply the Bouguer Slab correction we need to know the
elevations of all of the observation points and the density of the slab used to
approximate the excess mass. In choosing a density, use an average density for
the rocks in the survey area. For a density of 2.67 gm=cm3, the Bouguer Slab
Correction is about 0:11 mgals=m.
3
 2 3 7
4
1 6 8
5 9 10 Datum

For Stations 1,2,3,4,7 B.C. is Subtracted

For Stations 5,9,10 B.C. is added
For Stations 6,8 B.C. is Zero
4- Terrain correction.
1- It is applied only in mountainous area.
2- The reading is applied to surface irregularity in the vicinity of the station.
3- The measurements decreases in both cases :
a- Upward attraction due to hill.
b- Downward attraction due to valleys.
4- The terrain correction is always added.

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Like Bouguer Slab Corrections, when computing Terrain Corrections we need to
assume an average density for the rocks exposed by the surrounding topography.
Usually, the same density is used for the Bouguer and the Terrain Corrections. Thus
far, it appears as though applying Terrain Corrections may be no more difficult than
applying the Bouguer Slab Corrections. Unfortunately, this is not the case.

5- Latitude correction.
1- It is caused by both rotation of the earth and its slight equatorial bulge.
2- It is calculated by:
L.C.= 0.812 Sin 2 mgal/km.

3- The maximum value occurs at latitude 45.

4- L.C. equal to zero at equator and pole.
5- The correction is added as we moved toward the equator.
6- Earth Tide correction.
1- It is the change of gravity due to movement of the sun and moon.
2- These variation has amplitude as large as 0.3 mgal.
3- The amplitude depend on latitude and time. 5
7- Isostatic correction.
1- If the crust has no lateral variation in density then,
g observed = g theoretical
2- Gravity anomaly is created due to variation of lateral density.
3- Isostatic correction is of secondary importance in gravity prospecting.

Bouguer gravity.
It is observed gravity after corrections.

B.G g B gobs g F g B gT g L
Some time free air anomaly is calculated:

g F g obs g F
Bouguer anomaly can be obtained by:

g B g B gtheori.
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