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STRUCTURAL
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
STRUCTURAL INTRODUCTION
Structural
under the Ministry of Public Works and Communications with a grant
from the Govt of India. This design basis report is drawn only for the
structural design of the works in the stadium complex project.
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
The main buildings in the stadium complex are the stands, members and player's pavilion block, venue operating
centre, media centre and landscaped seating stand apart from service buildings and underground structures.
Structural
The structural system adopted for the buildings are concrete/structural steel framed conventional beam slab and
column structures on pile caps over bored cast-in-situ concrete piles/pre-cast concrete piles/green heart timber piles. The
slabs are proposed in composite construction with concrete on profiled metal decking (serving as reinforcement). The
stands are designed with pre-cast bleachers on raker beams in concrete/structural steel. The roof covering the stands are
designed with structural steel elements in profiled sections to match the architectural form. The columns in cast-in-situ
concrete/structural steel have insert plates/base plates to seat the roof-supporting member. The structures are analysed
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for dead load, live load and wind loads as per the codal provisions. Waterproofing on concrete surfaces exposed to
atmosphere is done with reinforced modified bituminous membrane and is protected by cement concrete tiles. The
waterproofing of sunken slabs in toilets is also achieved with the same material. All structural steel surfaces are protected
from corrosion with anti-corrosive paint.
DESIGN LOADS
Dead Loads
The self weight of the various elements are computed based on the unit weight of materials as given below:
Steel 78.5
Plain Cement Concrete 24
Reinforced Cement Concrete 25
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Imposed Loads
As per BS:6399 (Part 1)-1996 the building is classified as Public Assembly building.
The superimposed loads or otherwise live load is assessed based on the occupancy classification as per BS:6399(Part 1)-
1996 for assembly building. The imposed loads (in kN/m2) considered are as listed below:
Structural
Occupancy Classification Load (kN/m 2 )
a) Assembly areas:
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On flat roofs, sloping roofs and curved roofs with slopes up to and including 10 degrees, the imposed loads due to
use or occupancy of the buildings and the geometry of the roofs are given below:
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
On sloping roof of slope greater than 10o, as per clause 6.3 of BS:6399(Part1)-1996 the imposed loads (kN/m2 of the plan
area) that are likely to act permanently are as follows:
Waterproofing* 1.5 (On roof / terrace)
Partitions 1.0 (wherever applicable)
Structural
False ceiling 0.5 wherever applicable)
Structural slab shall be sloped suitably to avoid achieving requisite slopes with screed/brick bat coba
Bleachers are designed to resist a horizontal force applied to seats of 3.0 kN per linear meter along the line of seats and
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Wind Load
The wind pressure is calculated based on the data furnished below and as per the provisions laid in BS:6399 (Part 2)-1997
Basic Wind speed = 50m/sec (As assessed from UBC)
Maximum gust = 30mph (13.5m/sec) As given
Mean probable = 50 years
DESIGN LIFE OF STRUCTURE
Building Type factor Kb = 1.0
Ground roughness category = town
Built up areas with an average level of roof tops at least Ho =5m above GL
Dynamic Augmentation Factor Cr =0.03
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Static Simplified method is used for design for wind loads with the following parameters as per cl 2.2 BS:6399 (Part2)-1997
Structural
Seasonal Factor Ss = 1.0
Where Sb is the terrain and building factor obtained from cl 2.2.3.3 of BS:6399(Part2)-1997
Earthquake Load
Guyana is not within the earthquake belts and also does not figure in the places listed in the seismological active zones. It
has been mentioned that Guyana experiences tremors every 5-10 years. Earthquake loads are not considered for analysis
and design. With the given conditions it is assumed that the wind load on the structure would be sufficient for the lateral
loads that would be generated during the tremors.
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Load Combinations
Primary loads are combined in accordance with relevant stipulations in BS:8110(Part 1)-1997. The combination that
produces the most unfavourable effect in the building, foundation or structural member concerned is adopted for design.
Structural
Load Type
Load
Comb. Dead Imposed ** Wind
c
1.2
2 1.4 1.0 - - 1.0d 1.4
c
1.2
3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0d 1.2
3Dead and Imposed and wind (and earth and water pressure
aThe earth pressure is that obtained from BS:8002 including an appropriate mobilisation factor. The more onerous of the
two factored conditions should be taken.
bThe value of 1.2 may be used where the maximum credible level of the water can be clearly defined. If this is not
feasible, a factor of 1.4 should be used.
cUnplanned excavation in accordance with BS:8002, 3.2.2.2 not included in the calculation.
dUnplanned excavation in accordance with BS:8002, 3.2.2.2 included in the calculation.
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
ANALYSIS METHOD
The analysis of the structure is carried out using the STAAAD Pro-2003. Appropriate loads and its
combinations, as per relevant clauses in BS codes as described in this report are chosen for analysis and design.
Precast elements are analysed manually for handling, transportation and service stresses.
Structural
DESIGN LIFE
The design life of the structure is considered as 50 years. This requirement is not applicable for replaceable
materials.
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DESIGN METHODOLOGY
All structural elements shall be designed according to the Limit State Method as specified in BS:8110 for
reinforced concrete elements and BS:5950 for structural steel elements.
FOUNDATION
As per recommendations of the soil investigation report, only piles are considered as foundations. The
various types of piles considered for supporting load-bearing columns/structures are bored cast-in-situ concrete
piles, pre-cast concrete piles and green heart timber piles. The vertical capacity of the pre-cast concrete piles of
20m length is 34mT and that of 23m green heart timber piles is 18mT.
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
CONCRETE
The grade of concrete and type of cement adopted for the various structural
Structural
Concrete item Grade Max size of Type of
REINFORCEMENT
For all structural RC elements steel reinforcement used shall be of Fe 415 grade conforming to IS:1786-1985 or equivalent.
The cover to concrete shall be as per the guidelines laid in cl 3.3 of BS:8110 Part 1-1997. The cover shall also
satisfy the requirements of 2h fire rating.
DESIGN STANDARDS
The relevant Standard codes, as given below, have been followed for structural design
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Codes Description
British Standards
Structural
BS:648-1964 Schedule of weights of building materials
Reinforcement of Concrete
Reinforcement of Concrete
special circumstances.
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Codes Description
British Standards
Structural
BS:8110 Part-3-1985 Structural Use of Concrete-Design charts for singly
Rectangular columns.
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G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Codes Description
Indian Standards
Structural
IS: 456-2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
Imposed Loads
Wind Loads
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1
Codes Description
Indian Standards
Structural
IS:875-1987(Part-5) Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than
G u y a n a I n t e r n a t i o n a l C r i c k e t S t a d i u m, P r o v i d e n c e 1