Transformer Protection

Transformer differential protection

Restricted earth fault protection
Over fluxing protection
Back up directional Over current & Earth
fault protection on HV side
Back up directional Over current & Earth
fault protection on IV side
 Transformer Protection
Protections & Monitors built-in to transformer
Buchholz relay
Winding temperature
Oil temperature
Oil level
Pressure relief
Fire protection
Protection of tertiary winding
Over load alarm
 Transformer Differential Protection

R
Y
B

R
Y
B
 Differential Protection
Triple pole feature with individual phase indication
Unrestrained instantaneous high set O/C units which
should not operate during in rush.
Adjustable for multi bias setting
Second harmonic or other inrush proof feature.
One bias winding per phase and per CT input
An adjustable operating current
An operating time not greater than 30mSec at 5 times of
setting
Facility for ratio and phase angle correction
 Bias

3.0
Operate

2.0

Non-Operate
1.0
0.2
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Through Bias Current
 Restricted earth fault protection
An operating current sensitivity of atleast 10%
of nominal current.
Tuned to the system frequency
High or low impedance principle.
Suitable non-linear resistor to limit the peak
voltage during in-zone faults in case of high
impedance principle.
Restricted earth fault protection

64
 Over Fluxing Protection
Phase to Phase connected
Operating on the principle of measurement of
voltage to frequency ratio.
Provided with inverse time characteristics
compatible with transformer over fluxing.
Provided with independent alarm with a definite
time delay at value of V/F between 100% to 130%
of rated value.
Having high resetting ratio of 98% or better.
 Back-Up Over current protection
3-Pole feature
IDMT characteristic
Variable setting range of 50-200% of rated current
Characteristic angle 30 / 45 degree lead.
High set unit having variable setting range
typically 500-2000% of rated current
Hand set indicators per phase.
 Over Load Alarm
Single Pole feature
Definite time over current feature
Continuously variable current range of 50-
200% of rated current and continuously
variable timer setting range of 1 to 10 Secs.
Drop off to Pick up ratio of 95% or better.
 Reactor Protection
Differential Protection
Restricted earth fault Protection
Reactor Back-up protection
Buchholz relay
Winding temperature
Oil Temperature
Pressure relief
Oil Level
Fire Protection
 Shunt Reactor

R R

Y Y

B B
 Single line to Ground Fault

R R

Y Y

B B
Differential Protection -Reactor
Operating current sensitivity of atleast 10% of
nominal current
Tuned to system frequency
Suitable non-linear resistors to limit peak
voltage during in-zone faults
High or low impedance principle
Differential Protection -Reactor

Operating current sensitivity of atleast 10% of

nominal current
Tuned to system frequency
Suitable non-linear resistors to limit peak
voltage during in-zone faults
High or low impedance principle
 Backup Protection-Reactor
Either Impedance type or definite time O/C & E/F type
Impedance type reactor back up Protection shall be
Triple Pole type
Single step Polarised MHO or impedance distance
relay
Having characteristic angle between 60 80 degree.
Provided with adjustable definite time delay relay
Provided with suitable range for covering 60% of
reactor impedance.
 Backup Protection-Reactor
Definite time O/C & E/F type
Single stage definite time 3 Pole , O/C relay
with adjustable current and time.
Connected for 2 O/C & 1 E/F connection.
Non-Directional with high reset ratio & low
transient over reach.
 Bus Bar Protection

Ckt-1
Ckt-2
R
Y
B
N

87 Check Zone
87
Main Zone
R
Y
B
 Bus Bar Protection
3 Phase type
Operating on differential principle and shall
provide independent zones of protection for
each bus.
Stable for through fault condition
Provided with continuous supervision for
CT secondaries.
 Bus Bar Protection

Provided with adequate number of of high speed

tripping relays.
Provided with necessary CT switching relays
where ever required and shall have provision for
CT switching incomplete alarm.
Provided with in/out switching facility for each
zone.
Local Breaker Backup protection
Short operation and drop-off times
Three phase current elements with facility for
phase wise initiation
Current setting range such that the relay can be set
at minimum 200mA (for line) and 50 mA (for
generator) for 1Amp CT secondary
Associated timer with adjustable setting.
 Distance to Fault locator
Shall be electronic or microprocessor based
On line type
Shall be suitable for CB operation of 2
cycles
Built-in display(KM)
3% accuracy for all type of faults
 Distance to Fault locator
Accuracy shall not be affected by Remote end
infeed
Dc component in fault current
Arc resistance
CVT transients
Mutual compensation facility

Based on traveling wave generated by fault

 Event Logger
To record the state of switchyard
equipments and relays.
To record the occurrence of alarms.
To record changes in digital inputs
To record switching of primary plant within
sub-station.
 Event Logger
Time synchronised with GPS clock
Permissible drift +/- 0.5seconds/day
Print out of current alarm and plant status
available on request.
To entry of date and time from key board.
Programmability at site.
Shall record 40 changes in 10mSec interval.
 Disturbance Recorder-Purpose
To understand behavior of the Power
network before or after any disturbance.
Useful info in planning of new installations.
For further improvement in the equipment
Disturbance Recorder-Functions
Records instantaneous values of V, I, In and open delta
voltage.
Status of relay contacts and CB during disturbance.
Requirement
Recoding capacity-8 analog + 16 digital.
Memory 5 sec
Min. Pre fault 160mSec
Post Fault 2sec- min , not less than 5sec.
 Disturbance Recorder-Triggers
Any digital signal triggering.
Analog triggering by threshold levels.
Trigger selection of over/under levels
should be possible.
Time tagging:
Built-in real time clock.
Drift of the clock shall not be more than 0.5sec
per day.
 Disturbance Recorder
Sampling rate : 1 Khz
Recording : 5Hz to 250Hz.
Special requirement:
Sync. With GPS
16Analog + 32 digital for D/C lines
DR + FL
If DR is part of Numerical Protection,external binary
input should be possible.
 400/220KV SUBSTATION,BALLABGARH,NR-1

BHIWADI LINE
MANPURI LINE-2

MANPURI LINE-1

LINE-2 (53 KM)

LINE-1 (53 KM)

AGRA LINE
KNP LINE

(181 KM)
(387 KM)

BAMNAULI

BAMNAULI
(61 KM)
(230 km)

(230 km)
FACTS
43052 42752 1452

3252 1352 1552 152 352

43152 42652 1052 1252
3352
BUS-II

BUS-I

2852 3052 2552 752 952 452 652

2952 2652 852 552

CONTROL

ICT-III
ROOM

ICT-IV

ICT-II

ICT-I
DDR-II LINE

400 K V BREAKER
DDR-I LINE
(58 KM)

(58 KM)

220 K V BREAKER L 752 L 952 L 452 L 652

B/R

315 MVA,
400/220/33 K V
TRANSFORMER
TO 220 K V BBMB S/S