Transport Channel Processing

LTE Air Interface Course

1 Nokia Siemens Networks

Transport Channels Processing

General Model
CRC Coding
Turbo Coding
Data Modulation
Antenna Mapping
Examples of Processing
DL-SCH
BCH
PCH
MCH
UL-SCH

3 Nokia Siemens Networks

 NAS Protocol(s) Application Layer
(Attach/TA Update/)
IP / TCP | UDP |
(E-)RRC
(Radio Resource Control)

Radio Bearer

PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP

ROHC (RFC 3095)
(Packet Data (Packet Data (Packet Data (Packet Data (Packet Data

Convergence Convergence Convergence Convergence Convergence Security
Protocol) Protocol) Protocol) Protocol) Protocol)

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC Segment./Reassembly

(Radio Link (Radio Link (Radio Link (Radio Link (Radio Link
ARQ
Control) Control) Control) Control) Control)

Logical Channel Scheduling /

Priority Handling

Medium Access Control (MAC) De/Multiplexing

HARQ

Transport Channels

FDD | TDD - Layer 1

This part
( DL: OFDMA, UL: SC-FDMA )
will be
discussed
Physical Channels
4 Nokia Siemens Networks
General Model for DL-SCH

Evolved Node B

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB
ACK | NACK
HARQ
HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC
CRC
Redundancy
Version
Coding
Coding + Rate Matching
QPSK,
Modulation Coding 16QAM,
Data Modulation
Scheme 64QAM

Resource/ Coding
Resource Mapping
Power
Assignment ...
Antenna
Antenna Mapping
Assignment
...

3GPP TS 36.302 v8.1.0

5 Nokia Siemens Networks
CRC Coding and Segmentation

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB
ACK | NACK
HARQ
HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC
CRC
Redundancy
Version
Coding
Coding + Rate Matching
QPSK,
Modulation Coding 16QAM,
Data Modulation
Scheme 64QAM

Resource/ Coding
Resource Mapping
Power
Assignment ...
Antenna
Antenna Mapping
Assignment
...

3GPP TS 36.302 v8.1.0

6 Nokia Siemens Networks
CRC Coding
Medium Access Control (MAC)
Delivers the Transport Block including the
MAC header
MAC PDU = MAC SDU + Header
Transport Channels
FDD | TDD - Layer 1
( DL: OFDMA, UL: SC-FDMA )
CRC used for error detection on TB !
Transmitter:
the CRC is calculated on the transport
block recieved from MAC
CRC is appended to the transport block
Receiver:
CRC is also calculated on the received
bits
Calculated CRC bits are compared with
the received CRC bits
If not equal -> retransmission of the
transport block required

MAC MAC MAC SDU MAC MAC SDU

Header Header
multiplexing

24 bit 24 bit
Transport block Transport block
CRC CRC
Layer1
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Coding) insertion

7 Nokia Siemens Networks

Turbo Coding and Rate Matching

Evolved Node B

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB
ACK | NACK
HARQ
HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC
CRC
Redundancy
Version
Coding
Coding + Rate Matching
QPSK,
Modulation Coding 16QAM,
Data Modulation
Scheme 64QAM

Resource/ Coding
Resource Mapping
Power
Assignment ...
Antenna
Antenna Mapping
Assignment
...

3GPP TS 36.302 v8.1.0

8 Nokia Siemens Networks
Turbo Coding
INPUT : d1(0), d2(0), , dk(0)

One transport Systematic bits

block + CRC
of size k bits
First parity bits
d1(1), d2(1), , dk(1)
D D D

First constituent encoder

Turbo coder
Internal
interleaver
Second parity bits
d1(2), d2(2), , dk(2)

D D D OUTPUT :
3k bits
Shift registers
(convolutional (systematic, first
coding) parity and second
Second constituent encoder parity bits)
3GPP TS 36.212 v8.6.0
9 Nokia Siemens Networks
Rate Matching Process Rate Matching:
It is used for bit rate adaptation
Code Block (k bits)
The number of bits after the
transport channel processing must
Channel Coding be adapted for the underlying
Turbo Coding 1/3 physical channels capabilities
(Modulation and Coding Scheme,
Number of Resource Blocks)
Coded Bits (3K+12 bits) Technically the rate matching is
realised through puncturing or
repetition of bits
Rate Matching : 3k +12 = e.g. 336 bits ?
If No then Puncturing or Repetition

Number of resource blocks

(with 20 MHz channelbandwith):
2 / 4 / ... / 100 resource blocks
Number of bits (assuming QPSK):
168/ 336/ .../8400 bits

10 Nokia Siemens Networks

 Rate Matching

Systematic Circular
bits buffer
d1(0), d2(0), , dk(0) V1(0), v2(0), ,vk(0)
Sub-block RV=0
interleaving
c RV
o (2) v (0)
RV=3 vk 1
v2(0)
l vk(1)

First l
d1(1), d2(1), , dk(1) Sub-block V1(1), v2(1), ,vk(1) B Bit
e selection
Parity interleaving i
c v2(2)
bits t (0)
t v2(1) (2) (1)vk
i v1 v1
Second RV=2
V1(2), v2(2), ,vk(2) o RV=1
d1(2), d2(2), , dk(2) Sub-block
parity
n Circular
interleaving
bits buffer

RV= Redundancy Version (for HARQ

retransmission )
3GPP TS 36.212 v8.6.0
11 Nokia Siemens Networks
Data Modulation

Evolved Node B

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB
ACK | NACK
HARQ
HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC
CRC
Redundancy
Version
Coding
Coding + Rate Matching
QPSK,
Modulation Coding 16QAM,
Data Modulation
Scheme 64QAM

Resource/ Coding
Resource Mapping
Power
Assignment ...
Antenna
Antenna Mapping
Assignment
...

12 Nokia Siemens Networks

Modulation Schemes

3GPP standard defines the following options: QPSK, 16QAM,

64QAM in both directions ( UL and DL)
Physical Modulation
- UL 64QAM not supported in RL10
channel
Not every physical channel is allowed to use any modulation PDSCH QPSK,
scheme: 16QAM,
Scheduler decides which form to use depending on carrier quality 64QAM
feedback information from the UE PMCH QPSK,
16QAM,
64QAM: 64QAM
QPSK: 16QAM: 6 bits/symbol PBCH QPSK

2 bits/symbol 4 bits/symbol PDCCH QPSK

64QAM
(PCFICH,
b0 b1b2b3 b4 b5 PHICH)
QPSK 16QAM Im
b0 b1 b0 b1b2b3
PUSCH QPSK,
16QAM,
Im Im 1111 64QAM
01 11
PUCCH BPSK and/or
Re QPSK
00 10Re Re

0000

13 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date

Resource Mapping

Evolved Node B

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB
ACK | NACK
HARQ
HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC
CRC
Redundancy
Version
Coding
Coding + Rate Matching
QPSK,
Modulation Coding 16QAM,
Data Modulation
Scheme 64QAM

Resource/ Coding
Physical
Resource Mapping
Power Layer issue
Assignment ...
Antenna Explained in
Antenna Mapping
Assignment
... chapter 7

14 Nokia Siemens Networks

Antenna Mapping

Evolved Node B

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB
ACK | NACK
HARQ
HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC
CRC
Redundancy
Version
Coding
Coding + Rate Matching
QPSK,
Modulation Coding 16QAM,
Data Modulation
Scheme 64QAM

Resource/ Coding
Resource Mapping
Power
Assignment ...
Antenna MIMO
Antenna Mapping
Assignment (Chapter 9)
...

15 Nokia Siemens Networks

MIMO Types
MIMO

Data Transmission Number of Antennas Number of Users

Pre-Coding SISO SU-MIMO

(beamforming) (Single Input Single Output) (Single User MIMO)
single data stream sent over
multiple input antennas
pre-coding

MISO
(Multiple Input Single Output)
X

MU-MIMO

Spatial Multiplexing
multiple data stream sent over SIMO
multiple input antennas (Single Input Multiple Output)
pre-coding

X1


Xn
MIMO
(Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Diversity Coding
single data stream sent over
multiple input antennas
with different coding

16
e.g. CDMA soft handover
Nokia Siemens Networks
Transport Channels Processing

General Model
CRC Coding
Turbo Coding
Modulation
Interleaving
Antenna Mapping
Examples of Processing
DL-SCH
BCH
PCH
MCH
UL-SCH

17 Nokia Siemens Networks

DL-SCH Downlink Shared Channel

Evolved Node B UE
Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB
TB TB
TB Error indications
ACK | NACK ACK | NACK
HARQ HARQ
HARQ Info HARQ Info
MAC scheduler

CRC Redundancy CRC

CRC+Segmentation CRC+Concatenation
Redundancy for error detection

Version Redundancy
Turbo codingCoding
+ Rate Matching Decoding +Coding
Rate Matching
for data detection
QPSK,
Modulation Coding Coding
Data Modulation 16QAM, Data Demodulation
Scheme
64QAM
Resource/ Coding Coding
Resource Mapping Resource Demapping
Power
Assignment ... ...
Antenna Mapping Antenna Demapping
Antenna
... ...
Assignment

18 Nokia Siemens Networks

BCH Broadcast Channel
Evolved Node B UE
One BCH transport block
(fixed sizes)
TB TB Error indication

R=1/3 tail bitting

16 bit CRC+Segmentation 16 bit CRC+Concatenation
Convolutional code

Coding + Rate Matching Decoding + Rate Matching

Data Modulation QPSK only Data demodulation

Resource Mapping Resource Demapping

... ...

Antenna Mapping Antenna Demapping

... ...

19 Nokia Siemens Networks

PCH Paging Channel

eNodeB UE

Transport Blocks
(variable sizes)
TB Error indication
TB
MAC scheduler

CRC+Segmentation CRC+Concatenation

Coding + Rate Matching Decoding

QPSK,
Modulation Data Modulation Data Demodulation
16QAM,
Scheme
[64QAM]
Resource/
Resource Mapping Resource Demapping
Power
Assignment
Antenna Mapping Antenna Demapping
Antenna
Assignment

20 Nokia Siemens Networks

 MCH Multicast Channel
eNodeB UE
Transport Blocks
Error indication
(variable sizes)
TB TB
TB TB

CRC
CRC CRC
CRC

Decoding
MAC scheduler

Coding + Rate Matching Decoding

Coding + Rate Matching

De-interleaving
Interleaving De-interleaving
Interleaving

QPSK,
Modulation DataDemodulation
Demodulation
Data Modulation Data
Data Modulation 16QAM,
Scheme
[64QAM]
Resource/ ResourceDe-mapping
De-mapping
Resource Mapping Resource
Resource Mapping
Power ...
...
Assignment ...
Antenna Mapping Antenna De-mapping
Antenna
... ...
Assignment
semi-static
configuration

21 Nokia Siemens Networks

 UL-SCH UL Shared Channel

UE eNodeB
Transport Blocks delivered from MAC layer Transport Blocks delivered from MAC layer
(variable sizes) Channel state (variable sizes)
UL assignment TB TB
information ACK | NACK
HARQ HARQ
HARQ Info HARQ Info

24 bit CRC+Segmentation 24 bit CRC+Concatenation

MAC scheduler

MAC scheduler
Turbo coding + Rate Matching Decoding
Redundancy Redundancy
Version Version
Interleaving De-Interleaving

QPSK,
Modulation Data Modulation Modulation Data Demodulation
16QAM,
Scheme Scheme
[64QAM]
Resource/ Resource/
Resource Mapping Resource Demapping
Power Power
Assignment Assignment
Antenna Mapping Antenna Demapping
Antenna Antenna
Assignment Assignment

22 Nokia Siemens Networks