7 PRINSIP

UNIVERSAL DESIGN
 PENGERTIAN UNIVERSAL DESIGN
The term universal design created as an extension of ideas
and concepts to design and provide full access to the
maximum number of people regardless of the limitations and
barriers.

According to Ronald Mace who coined the term, universal design

is the design of products and environments to be usable by all
people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for
adaptation or specialized design.6
From this notion, a set of principle of universal design has made
by a group of universal design educators in the USA in 1997.
http://livewellcollaborative.org/public_wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Universal_Design:_
A_Practical_Tool_for_Diverse_Society
 PENGERTIAN UNIVERSAL DESIGN
For now, universal design can be defined as the design
of facilities, products, and services that can be used by
people of all abilities, to the greatest extent possible,
without adaptations.

This definition is a slight modification of the definition provided

by the Center for Accessible Housing.

Sumber :
Center for Accessible Housing, Accessible Environments: Toward Universal
Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 1995, in Universal and
Accessible Design for Products, Services, and Processes, Robert F. Erlandson,
Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2008.
Universal design has the power to lift the human spirit,
especially when environments are designed to truly
meet the needs of people who use them. Universal
design ranges from inclusive and non-discriminatory
design of products, cars, architecture, and urban
environments and infrastructure, all the way to
information technology/telecommunications.
 With universal design the aim is that buildings
should be convenient for all their users,
with architectural discrimination being
Avoided.

Sumber :
UNIVERSAL DESIGN, A Manual of Practical Guidance for Architecs, Goldsmith, S.,
Architectural Press, 2000
PENGERTIAN ACCESSIBLE DESIGN
Accessible design can be defined as the design of facilities,
products, and services that satisfy specific legal mandates,
guidelines, or code requirements with the intent of providing
accessibility to the entities for individuals with disabilities.
This definition of accessible design focuses on the legal
implications of the term.
The definition is an expansion of the 1991 Center for Accessible
Housings definition.

Sumber :
Center for Accessible Housing, Definitions: Accessible, Adaptable, and Universal
Design (Fact Sheet), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC,
1991, in Universal and Accessible Design for Products, Services, and Processes, Robert
F. Erlandson, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2008.
Sumber :http://www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/technology/design/universal.html
1-Digunakan untuk semua
orang (Equitable Use)

Desain berguna dan dapat

dinikmati orang dengan
beragam kemampuan
 2-Fleksibilitas dalam Penggunaan (Flexibility in Use)

Desain mengakomodasi berbagai preferensi dan

kemampuan individu.

Height-adjustable exam table suits a wide range of patient and health care professional users.
3-Penggunaan yang sederhana dan Intuitif
(Simple and Intuitive Use)

Penggunaan desain yang mudah untuk dipahami,

walaupun pengguna belum memiliki pengalaman,
pengetahuan, keterampilan bahasa, atau kemampuan
konsentrasi saat ini.

Prototype thermostat
design by the Center
for Universal Design.
4-Informasi jelas (Perceptible Information)

Desain mengkomunikasikan informasi yang

diperlukan secara efektif kepada pengguna, apapun
kondisi lingkungan atau
kemampuan sensorik pengguna.

Subway fare machines with high-

contrast and tactile lettering and
audible output on demand.
5-Toleransi Kesalahan (Tolerance for Error)

Desain meminimalkan bahaya dan konsekuensi yang

merugikan atas tindakan disengaja atau tidak
disengaja.

The dead-man switch

on a lawn mower handle
requires conscious use.
6- Penggunaan Tenaga Fisik yang Ringan
(Low Physical Effort)

Desain dapat digunakan secara efisien dan nyaman dan

dengan tingkat kelelahan yang minimum.

Computer hardware can be

configured with a
microphone to work with
voice recognition software.
7- Ukuran dan Ruang yang sesuai dengan Penggunaan
(Size and Space for Approach and Use)

Ukuran dan ruang yang tepat disediakan untuk

pendekatan,jangkauan, gerak langkah, dan penggunaan terlepas
dari ukuran tubuh pengguna, postur, atau mobilitas.

Lowering one
section of the
nurses station
counter in a
hospital suits the
needs of visitors
who are
shorter or seated in
a wheelchair or
scooter.
Principle 1: Equitable Use
The building's design should
make it equally usable by
everyone. Ideally, the means by
which people use the building
should be the same (e.g.,
providing one means of entry to
the building that works well for
everyone). If it cannot be
identical, the several means
provided must be equivalent in People who require an accessible entrance
should not be exiled to a remote delivery area
terms of their privacy, security, like this building does.
safety and convenience. The
building must never employ
means that isolate or stigmatize
any group of users or privilege
one group over another. http://idea.ap.buffalo.edu/udny/Section3.htm
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use

The building's design should allow

people to use its design features
in more than one prescribed way
(e.g., providing a countertop
orientation map that is viewable
from either a seated or standing
position). It should accommodate
both right and left-handed use
and be adaptable to the individual A toilet seat that is height-
user's pace. The building's design adjustable can be used by people of
all sizes and ages.
should have the built-in flexibility
to be usable even when it is
employed in an unconventional or
unanticipated manner.
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive

The building should make it

easy for everyone to
understand the purpose of
each design feature and how to
use it (e.g., providing
washroom lavatory faucets that
make their method of
operation readily apparent and
relatively easy). Moreover, its The absence of detectable
means of use should be information makes these
intuitively obvious so that it nontraditional elevator call buttons
difficult for first time users with
operates as anticipated and, reduced vision to recognize.
therefore, can be used
spontaneously.
Principle 4: Perceptible Information
The building should provide all
essential information in a
variety of modes (e.g., written,
symbolic, tactile, verbal) to
ensure effective
communication with all users
regardless of their sensory
abilities. The information
provided must be presented
with sufficient contrast to This high-contrast directional signage uses
both text and pictograms to communicate to a
surrounding conditions so that wide group of users.
it is distinguishable from its
context and decipherable in all
its various modes of
presentation.
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
Ideally, the building's design should
eliminate, isolate or shield any design
features that could prove hazardous to
or inconvenience any user. When
potentially dangerous conditions are
unavoidable, users should receive
warnings as they approach the design
feature (e.g., providing proximity
warnings in a variety of sensory modes
near the top of stairs.) The building's The boardwalk has raised edges to
design should also anticipate accidental prevent users from accidentally leaving
or unintended actions by any user to the path of travel.
minimize the inconvenience and/or
protect the user from harm.
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort

The building's design should

employ design features that
require little or no physical force
to use them (e.g., replacing a
traditional door knob with a lever
handle that doesn't require the
ability to grasp and turn the wrist).
If a low level of force is required,
This lavatory has up and down controls
any user should be able to engage that allow each user to adjust its height.
the feature without assuming an
awkward or hazardous body
position (e.g., providing a smooth
travel surface with minimal slope
along the path of travel leading to
the entrance).
Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use
A building's design features
should provide an adequate
amount of space that is
appropriately arranged to enable
anyone to use them (e.g.,
providing knee space under a
washroom lavatory to enable
use by someone in a seated
position). In addition, the space
needs to be arranged to provide
a clear path of travel to and from
important design features for all
users. The height of the concession stand
counter permits convenient use by
customers of varying heights.