Paints

(organic coatings)
 Organic Coating
Organic coatings are inert barriers
applied on metallic surfaces and other
construction material for both corrosion
protection and decoration. The most
important organic surface coating is
paint.
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PAINT?
Paint is a mechanical
dispersion of mixture of one
or more pigments in a
vehicle. This vehicle is a
liquid consisting of non-
volatile film forming
material, and a volatile
solvent (thinner).
Constituents
of Paint
Constituents are:
1.Pigment
2.Vehicle (or) drying oil
3.Thinner
4.Driers
5.Extenders or fillers
6.Plasticizers
7.Anti skinning agents
Pigment:
It is a solid substance, which
provide colour to the paint. It is
also used to improve the strength
and adhesion of the paint, protect
against corrosion. It imparts im-
permeability to moisture and
increases weather-resistance
Example: Common Pigment Colour
1. White lead, Zinc oxide, li9thophone White
2. Red lead, ferric oxide, Chrome red Red
3. Chromium oxide Green
4. Prussian blue Blue
5. Carbon black Black
6. Umber Brown Brown
Vehicle (or) drying oil:

It is a film forming constituent of paint. These

are the glyceryl esters of high molecular-weight
fatty acids. This vehicle or binder provides
desired chemical and physical properties. It
determines the adhesion, cohesion and flexibility
of the paint.
CH2COOR A simple glyceryl ester
CHCOOR

CH2COOR The most widely used drying oils are linseed oil, soybean oil, and dehydrate castor oil.
 Thinner:
It reduces the viscosity of the
paint to a suitable consistency,
suspends the pigments, dissolves
the vehicle and other additives.
It increases the penetration
power of vehicle and elasticity
of the paint film. It also helps
in drying of the paint as it
evaporates easily.
Eg:turpentine, mineral spirits,
benzene, naphtha, toulol, xylol,
kerosene, methylated naphthalene.
Driers:
These are the oxygen
carrier catalysts. They
accelerate the drying of the
oil-film through oxidation,
polymerization and
condensation. The main
function of the drier is to
improve the drying quality of
the oil film.
Eg: Resinates, linoleates,
tungstates and naphthenates
of Co, Mn, Pb and Zn.
Extenders or fillers:
These are low refractive indices
materials. These are added to
reduce the cost, increase durability,
to provide negligible covering power
to the paint and to reduce the
cracking of dry paint film. These
fill the voids in the film, increase
random arrangement of pigment and
acts as the carrier for pigment color.

Eg: Barytes (BaSO4), talc,

asbestos, ground silica, gypsum
ground mica, slate powder, china-
clay, calcium sulphate.
Plasticizers:
Plasticizers are added to the paint to
provide elasticity to the film and to
minimize its cracking.

Eg: Tri cresyl phosphate, tri phenyl phosphate, tri

butyl phthalate.

Anti skinning agents:

These are added to prevent
gelling and skinning of the paint
film.
Eg: Poly hydroxy phenols
 Drying
mechanism
of a paint
 Conjugated double bonds

CH2COO(CH2)7 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH (CH2)4 CH3

n CHCOO(CH2)7 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH (CH2)4 CH3

CH2COO(CH2)7 CH = CH CH2 CH = CH (CH2)4 CH3

Glyceride of linolenic acid (drying oil)
Air oxidation and polymerization

CH2COO(CH2)7 CH - CH CH2 CH = CH (CH2)4 CH3

O O

CHCOO(CH2)7 CH - CH CH2 CH - CH (CH2)4 CH3

O O

CH2COO(CH2)7 CH - CH CH2 CH - CH (CH2)4 CH3

Peroxide cross-link O O

CH2COO(CH2)7 CH - CH CH2 CH - CH (CH2)4 CH3

O O

CHCOO(CH2)7 CH - CH CH2 CH - CH (CH2)4 CH3

O O

CH2COO(CH2)7 CH - CH CH2 CH - CH (CH2)4 CH3

O O

Peroxide
Undergoes isomerization,
polymerization and condensation
Higly cross-liked structured marcromlecular film
Special paints
SOME SPECIAL PAINTS
ARE:
EMULSION PAINTS
LUMINESCENT PAINTS
FIRE RETARDANT PAINTS
TEMPERATURE INDICATING PAINTS
ALUMINIUM PAINTS
CEMENT PAINTS
THIXOTROPIC PAINTS
DISTEMPERS
Emulsion paints:
This paint contain pigment,
extender and film forming
substances such as linseed oil or
synthetic styrene butadiene
copolymers, polyvinyl acetate and
acrylic polymers dispersed in
water as oil in water emulsion,
Emulsion paints can be diluted with
water and have ease of application
and quick drying. Distempers are
emulsions containing suitable
pigment suspended in a solution of
casein.
Fire -retardant paints:

These contain binders or other

components, which break down at
elevated temperatures. Producing
non-inflammable gases like CO2,
NH3, water vapor HCl, HBr,
which dilute the inflammable
gases.
E.g.: PVC, Chlorinated rubbers,
epoxides break down to give
corresponding hydrogen halides.
Urea-formaldehyde resin yield NH3,
Carbonate pigments yield CO2.
Thixotropic paints:
Thixotropy is a property exhibited by a
suspension which on stirring or agitating
attains the consistency of a liquid (Sol)
and left undisturbed for some time sets
to a gel. The gel-sol transition is
reversible. Thixotropic paints
incorporate extenders such as china clay
or metal soaps of aluminium, calcium and
zinc with polyamines (vehicle) at higher
temperatures. These paints find use in
the painting of ceilings.
Aluminium paints:
in it the base material is a fine
powder of aluminum. Finely
powdered aluminium is suspended
in either spirit varnish or oil
varnish, depending on the
requirement.

Advantages:
1. It possesses a quit good covering
powder
2. It imparts very attractive and pleasing
appearance to the surface
3. It is fairly good heat resisting
4. The painted surface visible even in
dark.
Temperature indicating
paints
These contain the pigments,
which undergoes color change at
a specific temperature. Such
an ingredient is a double salt
(or) an amine salt of any Cu,
Fe, Cr, Mn, CO, Ni and Mo or a
combination of these salts.
Such paint can indicate any
temperature of environment.
Cement paint:
The mixture of ingredients, like
white cement, hydrated lime,
pigment, very fine sand, water
repellent compound is mixed with a
suitable quantity of water and made
into a thin slurry, which is then
applied on plaster brick-work,
concrete work, stone masonry, etc.

Properties:
1. Better water proofing character.
2. Painted film possesses good strength,
hardness and durability.
3. They are best suited for the rough
surfaces.
 Luminescent paints:

These contain luminophor

pigments, i.e., which
fluorescence under U.V.light.
Such pigments absorb U.V. or
shorter wavelength radiations
and emit radiations in visible
region. Luminophor pigments
include Zn S or sulphides of Zn
& Co, titanium with small
amounts of color modifiers like
Cu, Ag, Mn and B called
activators.
Distempers:
These are water paints.
The ingredients are cheaper than
paints, varnishes white chalk
powder and plasters, cement
concrete or wall surfaces in the
interior of building.
Thank you