Assignment Report

ON

SUBMITTED DURING THE VOCATIONAL TRAINING

AT BSNL DURG
Under the Guidance of
SMT. VASUMATHY (SDE)
Submitted by
1. Virendra pal kosale
2. Pragya sagne
3. Sonali ghosh

DATE: 25/06/2014
 ASSIGNMENT TEAM
Assignment Title: OCB Technology
Batch: 02
Semester: 4th
Collage: CCET Bhilai
Project Leader:
NAME: Virendra pal kosale
Phone: 7805092939
Email: vpkosale2401@gmail.com
Project Members:
NAME: Pragya sagne
Phone: 9691556715
Email: pragyasagne21@gmail.com

NAME: Sonali ghosh

Phone: 9425292715
Email sonali.ghosh1992@gmail.com
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Assignment entitled OCB

Technology being submitted in partial fulfillment for the certificate
for vocational training to Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Durg is
the authentic record of our own work done under the guidance of
SMT. VASUMATHY (SDE),
Assignment Members

Name: Signture
1. Virendra pal kosale
2. Pragya sagne
3. Sonali ghash
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First & foremost, we thank Almighty God for giving me this unique
opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to all those who have
extended helping hands to make this study success. We have a great
pleasure in expressing my deep sense of gratitude to SMT. VASUMATHY
,(S.D.E). without whose help we would never have achieved completion
in our work. With due regards we feel immense pleasure in expressing
our deepest gratitude to our amiable parents & friends whose filial
affection, encouragement & blessing have been a beacon light to us in all
undertakings.

Submitted by :

DATE: 25/06/2014 1. Virendra pal kosale

PLACE: Durg 2. Pragya sagne
3. Sonali ghosh
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Virendra pal kosale a student

of Electronic and Telecommunication Branch of Christian
collage of Engineering & Technology Bhilai College has
successfully completed a assignment on the topic-OCB
Technology on 25th June.,2014 & submitted the report
on the same, under the guidance of guides SMT.VASUMATHY
S.D.E.( )

Signature of Guide
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Pragya Sagne a student of

Electronic & Telecommunition a Branch of SSCET Bhilai
College has successfully completed a assignment on the
topic-OCB Technology on 25th June.,2014 & submitted
the report on the same, under the guidance of guides
SMT.VASUMATHY , S.D.E.( )

Signature of Guide
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Sonali ghosh a student of

Electronic and Telecommunication Branch of P.C.E Nagpur
College has successfully completed a assignment on the
topic-OCB Technology on 25th June.2014 & submitted
the report on the same, under the guidance of guides
SMT.VASUMATHY S.D.E.( )

Signature of Guide
 PAGE NO.
TOPIC

1. COMPANY PROFILE
2. INTRODUCTION
3. ABOUT THE EXCHANGE
4. MDF
5. TYPES OF FAULTS
5. PROTECTIVE DEVICES
5. OCB
6. GSM
7. MEDIA
8. PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING COMPLAINTS
 INTRODUCTION
Today, BSNL is the No. 1 telecommunication company
and the largest public sector undertaking of India and its
responsibilities includes improvement of the already
impeccable quality of telecom services, expansion of
telecom services in all villages and instilling confidence
among its customers.

EXCHANGE:

Equipment which effects interconnected of

telephones is known as switching equipment.
The switching centre, which houses the
terminating and switching equipment is called
telephone exchange.
 EXCHANGE LAYOUT

Typical exchange consist of :

Switch Room
Operations and Maintenance (OMC) Room
Input Output processor (IOP) Room
Power Plant Room
Battery Room
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) Room
 ABOUT THE EXCHANGE

1. All telephone subscribers are served by automatic

exchanges.
2. Todays automatic exchanges uses a pair of computers.
One, running the program that provides services.
Second, monitoring the operation of the first, ready to take
over in a few seconds in the event of equipment failure.
Various exchanges present in BSNL are:
> C-DOT
> OCB
> EWSD
MAIN SECTIONS OF EXCHANGE:

There are three components of exchange:

MDF
Power plant
Switching Room.
 Main Distribution Frame (M.D.F) :
INTRODUCTION:

- MDF means Main Distribution Frame. Local cable

contact at MDF .
- All types of cables out to the door contact
connection at MDF .
 POWER PLANT :

The main parts of the power room are:

1. Batteries

2. UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

3. Charging - Discharging Unit

4. Inverter and Converter Unit:
SWITCHING ROOM :

Switch room consists of BM and CM cabinets

mounted in standard switch.

These cabinets are fastened to a switch Room and

interconnected by cables.
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME
.
> The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It is
also known as Fault Remove Section.
> The telephone numbers are also disconnected in
the MDF because of some specific reason.

ORGANISATION OF THE MDF

Vertical side
Horizontal side
 VERTICAL SIDE
RACK: -On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having
eight tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

TAGS: -Each rack consists of eight tags.

1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line
N.E.:-The word NE stands for the NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT.
It is used for testing number and

WEDGE: Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring.

Wedge is placed in jack strips, which is connected to
telephone for checking.
HORIZONTAL SIDE:

The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.

This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed
when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber.

Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

One part is connected with the vertical side.

Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground
cable.
CONSTRUCTION OF M.D.F:-

Main distribution frame is mainly divided in two parts.

(1) Vertical Side or Line side.

(2) LEN side or Exchange side.

VERTICAL SIDE:

All the part from vertical side to the subscriber are generally called
outdoor section.:

1. One vertical has 10 tag blocks.

2. Each tag block has 10 rows and each row has 10 tags. So each
tag block has 100 tags.

3. Connection between vertical side & subscribers are provided by

jelly filled cables.

4. These wires are first terminated in cabinet box, then according to

requirements the group of the wires (e.g. 200 wires, 100 wires etc.)
is terminated in pillar box
LEN SIDE:
All the parts from LEN to the exchange is
called indoor section.

The connection of subscriber from exchange

is terminated on this side of MDF.

In 1 tag block there are 128 tags. Each tag

block is divided in 4 segments. That is 0, 1,2 &
3 and in each segments.
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULTS

LOOP FAULT:-If two wires are joined together because of

improper connection,
storming air etc.

EARTH FAULT:-If two wires get scrape at some places and if this
wire comes in
contact with tree, pillar or any metal objects then this type of
fault occurs.

CABLE FAULT:-For outdoor connections, jelly filled wires are used

which are affected by natural causes such as rain, earthquake etc.
At such time this fault occurs.

DISCONNECT FAULT:-This type of fault occurs due to the breaking

of wires between the vertical side & LEN side.
PROTECTIVE DEVICES USED IN M.D.F.

Fuses

Gas Discharge Tube(G.D Tube)

Insertion Tool

Wires
 OCB
The new switching systems are based on Stored Program
Control concept. The call processing programmers are
distributed over different control organs of the system and
are stored in ROM/RAM of the units Processor in the
control units .
Salient Features:

It is a digital switching system.

The system supports all the existing signaling system .
The system has auto recovery feature. When a serious
fault occur in control unit, it gives a message to SMM
(operation & maintenance unit).
 TIME SWITCH CONCEPT

The time switch comprises of a Speech Buffer Memory, A Control

Memory, An Incoming Highway Of Digital Speech In Parallel Bits
and An Outgoing Highway. This is an Input Associated Controlled
Time switch. In this switch the Buffer Memory and Control
Memory are controlled write type i.e. the writing in it is
controlled. The control function writes in the control memory at
the location corresponding to the Incoming Time Slot Number, the
location where it should be written in the Buffer Memory. Both
these memories are sequential read type. Reading of control
memory gives the address in the Buffer Memory for writing
Incoming TS Byte. Thus reading of Buffer Memory sequentially the
TS will be read from the location given by the Control Memory.
Thus a one way Time switching has taken place. Similarly a both
way switching requires two sets of such switches.
 DUPLICATE SWITCHING
The switching is done in OCB-283 in two fully duplicated
branches
simultaneously. For this purpose from each connection units
the LR links
originate in two parallel branches towards two parallel sets
of switching matrices called SMX A and SMX B. The
branches of such network are called A and B branches. Also
the receive side LR links come from both the SMXs A & B
and are terminated on the respective connection units. The
duplicated branches of switching have been designed to
provide high reliability switching path for such
diverse purposes as data switching, video conference, ISDN
applications etc.
With the duplicated paths of switching if there is error in one
path the other path which is good can be used continuous
without interrupting the call in progress.
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
(GSM)

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally

accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the
name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a
common European mobile telephone standard

GSM is a cellular network which means that mobile phones

connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM
operates in the 900 MHz frequency band.
There are five different cell sizes in a GSM
network-

Macro Cells
Micro Cells
Pico Cells
Femto Cells
Umbrella Cells
 GSM : (SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE)

This system structured hierarchically as shown:

It consist of one administrative region, which is assigned to a

MSC(Mobile Switching Center).
Each administrative Region is made up of atleast one Location Area(LA).
LA is also called the visited area.
An LA consists of several cell groups.
Each cell group is assigned to a base station controller(BSC).
Cells of one BSC may belong to different LAs.
GSM : (SYSTEM ARCHITECHTURE)
 BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS:

Mobile Station (MS)

Base Station (BS)

Mobile services Switching Center (MSC)

Databases

Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC)

 SYSTEM CAPACITY

Shannons Theory predicts the maximum amount of information that

can be transmitted over a channel with given BW & SNR.

The optimum usage of given BW is obtained when the signal are noise
like & min SNR.

Hence for increased capacity the choice is CDMA.

Media : -

1.Carrier system

2. Co-axial Cable

3. Optical Fiber Cable(OFC).

4. Satellite.
 PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING SUBSCRIBER
COMPLAINTS

Telephone Dead:

Case--I Problem concerns a particular subscriber.

Case-II Quit a few numbers of telephone reported dead:

Telephone Held-Up ( No Dial Tone ):

> PERMANENT RING

> PERMANENT DIAL TONE

> PERMANENT BUSY TONE

> PERMANENT RING TRIP

> SPEECH QUALITY POOR

> WRONG NUMBERS

> ONE WAY SPEECH

> RINGER CADENCE

THANK YOU