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in Engineering Materials
Normal Force
Friction Force
In actuality, as N
increases,
contact area
increases,
thereby affecting
. is a non-
linear function of
N. What else
might vary
with??
F = Fa + Fp + Fs + Fn Ff N
s = Fa/N
d = Fb/N
ABS
Polycarbonate
350
300
4" Sample #1
4" Sample#2
250
4" Sample #3
4" Sample w/ Polycarbonate contact
200 4" Sample #1 Immersed
Load (lb)
150
100
Load Only
50
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Deflection (in)
350
Measured - Incumbent Sample #1 Note:
Measured - Incumbent Sample#2 1. All results for 4" seal length.
300 2. FEA results - hyper data, 60 duro
Measured - QC-19095 Sample 1"
EPDM, friction = 0.25.
Measured - QC-19095 Sample 2"
FEA Results - Incumbent Seal
250
FEA Results - QC-19095
FEA Results - Modified QC-19095
200
Load (lb)
150
Note,
modified seal
slightly stiffer
100 at lower
deflections
and softer at
higher
deflections!
50
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Deflection (in)
Key:
Dislocation
s
Key:
Surface
asperities
Key:
Surface
confromanc
e
RJM, 9/16/06 All photos and figures -
Copyright, Prentice Hall
Figure 5-15: Types of Erosion Note all involve fluids or smoke
(particulates)
5-17: Slurry
erosion
erosion due to
pumping slurry
mixture of silica
and water
XM-AR (1) 3.28 19.59 114 335.97 0.095m35s 155 496 479 3439 67.6 6.1 -1.5 -2.2 210m35s 155 24.4 0.0892
XM-AR (2) 3.72 26.56 105 319.98 0.095m20s 155 870 290 2504 75.1 2.5 -4.5 -5.5 2.810m20s 155 25.3 0.0305
XM-AR (3) 3.56 19.96 111 311.4 0.095m11s 155 590 451 3405 70.6 2.7 -0.7 -3.7 0.810m11s 155 27.4 0.006
XM-AR (4) 2.41 23.36 121.2 355.65 0.075m55s 155 736 352 2562 72 12.9 5.4 8.8 2.210m55s 155 20.3 0.0187
XM-AR (5) 2.62 20.94 126 321.16 0.075m21s 155 498 423 2981 65.6 7.7 8.7 4.7 2.610m21s 155 19.6 0.0163
XM-AR (6) 3.31 24.85 127.8 359.58 0.076m0s 155 683 393 2856 72 3.5 2.3 0.7 2.211m0s 155 9.4 0.0163
XM-AR (7) 0.49 17.82 150 404.82 0.036m45s 155 780 527 4318 68.5 12.3 -20.3 -14.5 1.811m45 155 45.4 0.0261
XM-AR (8) 0.77 20.58 114 381.98 0.046m22s 155 1306 517 4032 74.2 -0.3 -10.8 0.6 2.611m22s 155 34.2 0.164
XM-AR (9) 0.74 23.83 123.6 434.22 0.047m14s 155 695 524 4577 71.2 23.2 -12.4 -2.6 3.612m14s 155 39.2 0.0239
XM-AR (10) 3.69 26.06 61.2 286.38 0.074m37s 155 912 310 2691 76.2 3.6 -9.4 -5.8 0.49m37s 155 25.7 0.0108
Incumbent
Mat'l 0.0154