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TWO CHANNEL AUDIO MIXER

Audio Mixers
Combining or mixing ,changing the volume level,
dynamics of many different audio signals

Modified signals are summed to produce the


combined output signals, which can then be
broadcast, amplified through a sound
reinforcement system or recorded

Our Model mixes two audio signals to produce a


single output through a earphone
Objective
To make a combined circuit to realise :

Dual audio Input through microphone

Signal Mixer circuit for mixing two signals

Audio output of the mixed signal through


Speaker or Headphones
Circuit Diagram
Audio Input Circuit
Signal Mixer Circuit
Working Principle
Two audio signals are amplified and fed into the
mixer circuit

The signals are mixed

Output is obtained through Speaker or Headphone


Working of Audio Input
Two electret microphones are used

Electrostatic capacitor based


Consists of microphone and FET in common source
Powered externally
Low pass filter
Need of filter
Capacitor and Resistance in series
Output across capacitor
Low frequency gives high reactance
One pole or first order filter
Working of Low Pass filter
For output voltage across R2

Capacitive Reactance

Impedance
Cut-off frequency and phase shift

Frequencies above cutoff are highly attenuated


For Signal Amplification
OPAMP
An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is a very high gain
differential amplifier with high input impedance and low
output impedance
Uses are provide voltage amplitude changes ,oscillators, filter
circuits, and many types of instrumentation circuits.
Opamp uses multi stages to attain high
amplification
Inverting Amplifier
Most used
Rf used as feedback
Gain = -Rf/Ri
For Signal Mixing
Used for summing

Summed Output
Circuit Components
Op-amp 741 IC

developed using the planar epitaxial process

ideal for use as integrator, summing amplifier,


voltage follower

8-pin metal can, 10-pin flat pack, 8 or 14 pin DIP


741 IC
Internal Circuit
Features of 741 IC

Short circuit and overload protection provided.

A small dc output appears due to minor internal unbalances,


ideally it should be zero.

Low power consumption.

Large common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and differential


voltage ranges.

No external frequency compensation is required.

No latch up required.
Choosing Resistors
Audio input is very low

Amplified to 3V peak to peak

resistance of 4.7 k in series with the


microphone(drain resistance of the JFET present inside
the microphone)

In the low pass filter, we used a 4.7 k resistor and a


0.01uF

We have chosen a feedback resistance of 200 k and


an input resistance of 4.7 k for having a high gain
Limitations
The Opamp gets heated up

Noisy output

No single rail input


Scope for Improvement
The noise needs to be reduced

Single Rail Input can be used

The number of channels can be increased


Bibliography
Online Resources

www.instructables.com/id/Active-Sound-Mixer
www.instructables.com/id/Passive-Audio-Mixer-w-Channel-Volume-Control/
www.electroschematics.com/tag/audio-mixer-circuits
www.circuitstoday.com/tag/audio-mixer
www.quasarelectronics.co.uk/Category/kits-modules-preamps-mixers-effects
www.electronicshub.org/FreeProjectCircuits/Electronics

Books Referred
ElectronicDevicesandCircuitTheoryRobertLBoylestead,LouisNashelsky.
ElectronicDevicesandCircuitMillman,Halkias,SatyabrataJit.

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