Group No.

22:KJSCE_Mech_2015-16
BE Project (Semester VII) Presentations
Academic Year 2015-16
Oct. 15, 2015

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOOT DEPOSITION MECHANISM IN AN

ENGINE EXHAUST PIPE
Presented by:
1. Name :Sohil R.Maknojiya(Roll No.1325001)
2. Name:Ashish M. Tank (Roll No.1325002)
3. Name: Bhavik R. Gajra (Roll No.1325003)

Guide: Prof. S.S.Busnoor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Introduction
OUTLINE
Introduction
1. Background
2. Motivation
3. Objective
Approach
Literature review
Experimental Setup and Methodology
Preparation of work.
Summary
Reference ICGTI-2015_POF01_WHJB_AKG_VMP 2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Introduction
Internal combustion engines used in motorized transport are a major
source of ambient particulate matter (PM). Diesel engines in particular
have been recognized as the most significant source and have been
subjected to regulation. These engines are mainly applied to heavy-duty
power trains because they are reliable, durable and have high fuel
efficiency.
On the other hand, diesel emissions are a major source of particulate
matter (PM), which is believed to cause various problems to human
health, such as asthma, lung diseases, heart problems, cancer and
elevated blood pressure
With the argument of concern for environmental protection and stringent
government rules and regulations over the exhaust emissions, reduction
in engine emissions has become a major task in research in engine
development.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Motivation of Project
One of the most important issues is to
control the carbon and unburn carbon
(soot particle) which produces less
pollution to atmosphere.
reduce soot particle improve engine
emissions because engines are the
major sources for emissions of
particulate matter (composed of three
compounds, solid carbon, soluble
organic fractions and sulphides).
These particulate matters are of major
concern due to its adverse health effects
(causing severe respiratory
inflammation, acute pulmonary toxicity
etc) and environmental impacts.
9/5/2017 ICGTI-2015_POF01_WHJB_AKG_VMP 4
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Introduction
Objective of Project
To study engine exhaust soot particle size distribution (PSD) at various engine
operating conditions.
Comparision of PSD of engine exhaust using alternative fuel ( biodiesel)
Study of rate of deposition of engine exhaust particles in a heat exchanger at
various engine conditions using different fuels.

9/5/2017 BE Project 2015-16_ (G- ) 5

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Approach
Deposition of fine particlesis from engine is main culprit in decrease in
efficiency of the engine, it has to be reduced.
The system under consideration consists of exhaust gas flow through
experimental setup at various gas temperatures and also flow rates of gas.
Initially analytical procedure is developed from the various literature
studies for predicting the particle size deposition at different load.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Literature review
Xinling Li Zhen Xu, Chun Guan, Zhen Huang (2013):Particle size
distributions and OC, EC emissions from a diesel engine with the application
of in-cylinder emission control strategy

Increase in FIP and advancing SOI

can improve combustion and result in
reduction of soot while the
application of exhaust gas
recirculation(EGR)
increase soot along with rise in peak
diameter. Low air-fuel ratio lead to
reduction in oxygen concentration in
cylinder as a result of high level soot
emission
9/5/2017 ICGTI-2015_POF01_WHJB_AKG_VMP 7
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Literature review
Effects of biodiesel, engine load and diesel particulate filter on
non-volatile particle number size distributions in heavy-duty
diesel engine exhaust(2012)
The effect of engine load on the
shape of particle size distribution
can be clearly seen when the
distributions are normalized in
respect of concentration and peak
diameter
As the load on engine directly
effect the shape and size of soot
particle and also size distribution
of soot particle size.

9/5/2017 ICGTI-2015_POF01_WHJB_AKG_VMP 8
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Literature review

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Experimental setup
P

R
TM
m CP
TM TM
m m
Insulated Heater
Engine plenum
R

P P
TM TM
AF- Air Filter, DC m DC m
P P
CP- Control Panel FA R R

DC- Dilution Chamber

p P
FA- Filter Holder Assembly R R

P- Pump

R- Rotameter

TM- Thermometer

V- Control Valves

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Setup specification
Sr.No Equipment Specification Remark
1
Single cylinder 4 stroke DI C I Engine 5HP, 1500rpm Water cooled, 80mmX110mm engine capacity, 5Hp at 1500rpm

2 Pulse damper Fabricated Size of the tank is around 200 times greater than engine capacity

3 Thermometers Hg thermometers and Al-Cr Hg thermometers (0-100, 0-250 and 0-400 0C)
wires

4 Rotameters Scientific Devices, R1: 25; R2:50 (2); and R3:100 (in lpm).
5 Vacuum Pumps High speed appliances Type: Reciprocating dual-piston,

0 inch Hg 165 lpm

10 inch Hg 75 lpm

6 Electrical Air Heater (Tube furnace) Fabricated Heating Capacity: 3kW. Hot air flow rate: 550 LPM@ 700 degree C. Cut
out: DTC PTR 100

7 Weighing balance Model: CA 223 Max: 60 g and Least value = 0.0001g

8 Dilution chamber Fabricated Material MS
9 TP tube Fabricated 1.5cm IDX2.2cm OD, Simulated engine exhaust pipe, made of 10 sections,
each of 10 cm long

10 Filter Holder Fabricated Fabricated by Aluminum, to hold the 47mm filter paper with supporting
wire mesh

11 Ballston air dryer Air filter Fine filters and Trident Trident air filter cum dryer (Temperature 0= 60 degree C, Pr. 1-
20kg/cm2)
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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Proposed Research Work (Sem VIII)
Experiments on diesel engine to measure soot particle at
various load condition and comparing it with various research.
Use alternate fuel and compare it with standard standard diesel
engine operation.
Study of rate of deposition of engine exhaust particles in a
heat exchanger at various engine conditions using different
fuels

9/5/2017 BE Project 2015-16_ (G- ) 12

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

Scope of Project
Reduce soot particle with (DPF).
Reducing Nox with use of Exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)
Measure soot particle distribution with use of alternate fuel
(biodiesel)

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Summary
It has been observed that increase in FIP and advancing of SOI lead to
decrease of soot emission at high load.
As the load on engine directly effect the shape and size of soot particle.
Owing to the lower calorific value of biodiesel, when an engine that has
been calibrated for neat diesel operation runs on biodiesel, a lower EGR
rate is achieved, therefore contributing towards an increase in NOx
emissions and decrease in PM in relation to the petroleum diesel
operation.
The application of EGR significantly leads to increase of soot emission due
to less air-fuel ratio inside cylinder.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
References
Xinling Li Zhen Xu, Chun Guan, Zhen Huang (2013):Particle size distributions and OC, EC emissions
from a diesel engine with the application of in-cylinder emission control strategies . Fuel 121 (2014)
2026
Evangelos G. Giakoumis, Constantine D. Rakopoulos*, Athanasios M. Dimaratos, Dimitrios C.
Rakopoulos(2011): Exhaust emissions of diesel engines operating under transient conditions with
biodiesel fuel blends. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 38 (2012) 691e715
Li-Hao Younga,, Yi-Jyun Lioua, Man-Ting Cheng b, Jau-Huai Luc, Hsi-Hsien Yang d, Ying I. Tsai e, Lin-
Chi Wangf Chung-Bang Cheng, Jim-Shoung Lai a(2011): Effects of biodiesel, engine load and diesel
particulate filter on non-volatile particle number size distributions in heavy-duty diesel engine
exhaust. Journal of Hazardous Materials 199200 (2012) 282289
Jian Zhuang, Xinqi Qiao , Jinlong Bai, Zhen Hu(2013): Effect of injection-strategy on combustion,
performance and emission characteristics in a DI-diesel engine fueled with diesel from direct coal
liquefaction. Fuel 121 (2014) 141148
Lin, J.-S., & Tsai, C.-J. (2003). Thermophoretic deposition e6ciency in a cylindrical tube taking into
account developing flow at the entrance region. Journal of Aerosol Science, 34, 569583.
Romay, F. J., Takagaki, S. S., Pui, D. Y. H., & Liu, B. Y. H. (1998). Thermophoretic deposition of aerosol
particles in turbulent pipe flow. Journal of Aerosol Science, 29, 943959.
Maria Anderson a, Kent Salo a sa M. Hallquist b, Erik Fridell(2014): Characterization of particles
from a marine engine operating at low loads. Atmospheric Environment 101 (2015)

BE Project 2015-16_ (G- ) 15

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai-77
(Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
Acknowledgement

I express my sincere gratitude to Prof. S.S. Bhusnoor for continuous

encouragement and motivation to undertake the present project work.
I am thankful to the management of Somaiya Vidyavihar, Principal
and Head of Department(Mech Engg) to support this Project work at
KJSCE, Mumbai.
I am also thankful to Xinling Li Zhen Xu, Chun Guan, Zhen Huang
for outstanding reasearch paper.
Thanks to all friends and family members

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