FLUID PROPERTIES

ME 443 FLUID MACHINERY

A REVIEW
FLUIDS substances which are capable of flowing and
have particles that easily move and change their relative
position without separation of mass

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thu
mbnails/image/edu_fluid_large.jpg
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MASS (m) absolute quantity of matter

WEIGHT (W) force of gravity in a fluid or body

SPECIFIC WEIGHT () force of gravity in a unit volume

of substance

DENSITY () mass per unit volume of a substance

SPECIFIC VOLUME () is the volume of a unit mass of

a substance
A REVIEW
SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG) ratio of the specific weight of
a substance to that of water
PRESSURE (P) normal force per unit area

http://www.engin
eeringtoolbox.co
m/pressure-
d_587.html
A REVIEW
a. GAUGE PRESSURE pressure of a fluid or system
measured by pressure measuring instruments

b. ABSOLUTE PRESSURE pressure of a fluid or

system with reference to an absolute zero pressure

c. FLUID PRESSURE/HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

force exerted by the column of fluid per unit area

d. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE the force exerted by the

column of atmosphere per unit area of the surface of the
earth
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PRESSURE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
a. PRESSURE GAUGE the reference pressure in
measuring the pressure of the system is the atmospheric
- Bourdon gauge is the most commonly used device to
measure pressure commercially

http://en.suku.de/pro
dukte/type-4881-
bourdon-tube-
pressure-gauge-
ns80-case-steel-
connection-bottom
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b. MANOMETER a U tube containing a liquid of
known specific gravity, the surface of which moves
proportionally to change in pressure

http://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/ProcessParameters/Pressure
Measurement/PressureMeasurement.html
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VISCOSITY measure of resistance to flow of a fluid. It is
also defined as the property of a fluid that determines the
amount of its resistance to a shearing stress

http://www.synlube.com/viscosity.html
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ABSOLUTE/DYNAMIC VISCOSITY () ratio of the fluid
layer shearing stress to that of the shear strain rate

Shear Strain Rate (S)

- ratio of the velocity of a
particular layer to its
perpendicular distance
from the stationary
surface, and is constant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity
for each layer
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S = v/y
F A(v/y)
F = A(v/y)
= (F/A)/(v/y) = shear stress / shear strain rate

Unit used: 1 Poise = 0.10 Pa -s

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY () defined as the absolute

viscosity divided by density

Unit used: 1 stoke = 1 cm2/s

FLUID FLOW
A. LAMINAR FLOW fluid particles move along straight,
parallel paths in layers (Re < 2000)

B. TURBULENT FLOW fluid particle move in haphazard

fashion in all directions (Re > 4000)

C. TRANSITIONAL FLOW combination of laminar and

turbulent flow (Re = 2000 to 4000)
FLUID FLOW

http://blog.nialbarker.com/252/slow_is_fast
er
REYNOLDS NUMBER (Re) a dimensionless parameter
used to determine the type of fluid flow
Re = Dv/
CONTINUITY EQUATION
It is an equation derived from the first law of
thermodynamics for steady, open flow system. It is used
to determine mass flow rate and volume flow rate of fluid

Q = Av
m = Av

Note: Q in this case is for volume flow rate

REFERENCE
Guidebook in Fluid Machinery by Jose R. Francisco